sociology Mcqs
51. Wirth (1938) said that social relationships in the urban way of life were segmental because______________?
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A. they were confined to particular areas of the city

B. they were based on face to face interaction with close friends and family

C. people knew each other only through specific situational roles and not as whole rounded individuals

D. there were distinctive patterns of activity of each social class

52. Human and animal societies share all but one of the following characteristics ?
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A. population and common territory

B. shared beliefs and collective destiny

C. Both sexes and all ages

D. None of theses

53. Herbert Gans called urban residents who prefer to live in their own tight-knit communities___________?
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A. ethnic villagers

B. the trapped

C. communities

D. gentrofiles

54. Which of these distinguishes modern nation-states from traditional civilizations ?
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A. the granting of citizenship rights to the relevant population

B. governmental authority over a clearly demarcated territory

C. all of the above

D. a national identity with an associated set of symbols and beliefs

55. Positivism was first proposed by ___________ ?
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A. None of these

B. Augustus Comte

C. Herbert Spencer

D. Emily Durkheim

56. The world urbanization rate is rising highly It was 49% in 2005 and is likely to be 60% till_____________?
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A. None 0f these

B. 2030

C. 2015

D. 2020

57. The theorist who associated city life with the development of a blase attitude was____________?
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A. Weber

B. Simmel

C. Tonnies

D. Wirth

58. Which city is forecast to become the largest megacity by 2025 ?
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A. Tokyo

B. New York

C. Mumbai

D. Beijing

59. International human solidarity day is observed annually on _____________?
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A. 15-Oct

B. 10-Nov

C. 20 December

D. None of These

60. The media has started playing is vibrant role more vigorously after the____________?
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A. None of these

B. Globalization phenomenon

C. Launching of private news channels

D. Masharruf Regime

61. The ecological approach to urban sociology involved studying ?
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A. how social groups colonized different areas of the city and competed for resources

B. the forms of wildlife and natural habitats that could be found on the edges of the city

C. the way in which people organized collective protests about environmental issues

D. how men and women used the citys public spaces differently

62. The first stage that existed in Pre-British era was when civil society existed in the form of______________?
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A. NGOs

B. Baradaris

C. Rural Notables

D. Both b and c
63. The adage that its not what you know it,s who you know emphasizes the importance of connections This is most relevant to the concept of____________?
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A. Network economy

B. De-differentiation

C. Social capital

D. Political corruption

64. The term collective consumption (Castells 1977) refers to____________?
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A. the form of tuberculosis suffered by those who collect stamps

B. the provision of health housing and education services by the state

C. the privatization of public services by the Conservative government

D. the lifestyle practice of shopping in peer groups

65. Which of the following is not identified by Fulcher & Scott as a criterion of community ?
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A. a shared sense of identity and belonging together

B. common activities involving all -round relationships

C. collective action based on common interests

D. a fixed geographical location
66. Division of labor social class formal government institutions and system of trade and commerce all are peculiar to any_____________?
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A. Urban Community

B. Rural Community

C. Both a and b

D. None of these

67. According to Gerald Suttles a gated community would be an example of a(n)_____________?
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A. ethnic village

B. edge city

C. urban enclave

D. defended neighborhood
68. Governance theory is mainly occupied with institutional change and it involves ______ agency.
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A. Public agency

B. None of these

C. Human agency

D. Political agency

69. A detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically called a (n) ?
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A. experiment

B. research design

C. scientific method

D. sample

70. Robert Merton,s contributions to sociology include______________?
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A. an analysis of deviant behavior that focuses on societal goals and means

B. all of the above

C. an attempt to bring macro- and micro

D. successfully combining theory and research

71. In contemporary societies social institutions are_______________?
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A. no longer relevant to sociology

B. highly specialized interrelated sets of social practices

C. virtual communities in cyberspace

D. disorganized social relations in a post modem world

72. Sociology differs from common sense in that_______________?
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A. it makes little distinction between the way the world is and the way it ought to be

B. it is subjective and biased

C. its knowledge is accumulated from many different research contexts

D. it focuses on the researchers own experiences

73. Tearoom Trade is typical of the s asked by sociologists because______________?
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A. the investigator is sympathetic to the activities that he is investigating

B. it investigates working of society that are different from official accounts

C. it takes place outside the university campus

D. it makes use of covert research methods

74. A data collection method in which the researcher does not interact with the subject(s) being studied is called_______________?
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A. qualitative analysis

B. field research

C. content analysis

D. ethnography

E. an unobtrusive
75. An instructor wants to determine if giving essay tests increases student learning one class that the instructor teaches she continues to test as she has always done In another class she gives the students essay s She then measures the differences in learning if any between the two classes The class that is given essay s is the_______________?
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A. correlation group

B. control group

C. representative group

D. experimental group
76. The approach to crime prevention based on increased surveillance (such as CCTV and Neighborhood Watch schemes) and target hardening (such as a car immobilizers and better home security) is known as what ?
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A. situational crime prevention

B. deviance reduction theory

C. the new criminology

D. broken windows theory

77. The feeling of aimlessness or despair often associated with unsettling conditions is_______________?
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A. anomie

B. ascription

C. amorality

D. alienation

78. ____________involves the transformation of raw data into numbers to make it suitable for further analysis ?
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A. Factoring

B. Enumeration

C. Coding

D. Classification

E. Conceptualization

79. Theoretical approaches can only be said to be valid if______________?
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A. they are written in such a way as to be impossible to disprove

B. the theorist has researched the literature thoroughly

C. they are shared by a large enough number of theorists

D. they have been tested out by means of factual research
80. Homogeneity farming and subsistent economy are salient features of_____________?
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A. Urban Community

B. All of these

C. Rural community

D. None of these

81. What is meant by reflexivity in sociological research ?
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A. research findings empower the general public making them more confident

B. research funders have control over research findings and who has access

C. research findings feed back into society and as a result may change it

D. sociologists learn more about the society they live in

82. In his study of suicide Emile Durkheim was primarily concerned with________________?
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A. suicide rates and how they varied from country to country

B. means people used to take their own lives

C. personalities of individual suicide victims

D. effects of suicide on the families of victims

83. In most instances how well a student does on a test is determined by how much the student studies for it in this example studying for an exam is a(n)_____________?
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A. sample

B. dependent variable

C. independent variable

D. correlation

84. Which of the following would be an example of a random sample? A researcher_________________?
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A. examines the attitudes of residents of a city by interviewing every twentieth name in the city,s telephone book

B. administers a naira to every fifth woman who enters a business office

C. None of the above

D. studies the attitudes of Democratic voters by choosing every tenth name found on a city,s list of registered Democrats

85. Sociology is introduced as an academic discipline by______________?
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A. Ibn-e-Khaldun

B. Herber Spencer

C. Auguste Comte

D. George Simmel

86. In his study of suicide Emile Durkheim was primarily concerned with_______________?
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A. effects of suicide on the families of victims

B. personalities of individual suicide victims

C. means people used to take their own lives

D. suicide rates and how they varied from county to country
87. _______________ Of what is the failure of companies to adhere to legal regulations that apply to them an example ?
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A. white-collar crime

B. victimless crime

C. corporate crime

D. organized crime

88. The key concept in labelling theory is that of____________________?
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A. motivation

B. stigma

C. aspiration

D. commitment

E. acceptance

89. The first stage, according to Comte was_______________?
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A. Metaphysical

B. Theological

C. Scientific stage

D. None of these

90. Which one of these is a measure of dispersion ?
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A. parameter

B. range

C. median

D. mean

91. Social sciences comprise the application of scientific method to______________?
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A. laboratory experiments

B. None of these

C. field experiment

D. human aspect of the world
92. In order for a variable to be measured, a researcher must provide a (n) ?
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A. hypothesis

B. theory

C. quantitative theorem

D. scale

E. operational definition
93. Which of these is most closely associated with Marx,s thinking ?
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A. consensus

B. integration

C. conflict

D. social facts

94. Which policy is supported by the theory of broken windows ?
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A. restorative justice

B. target hardening

C. deterrent sentencing

D. zero tolerance
95. Which of the following was not identified as one of the four major social bonds in Hirschis Social Control theory ?
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A. commitment

B. attachment

C. belief

D. involvement

E. religiosity
96. A major disadvantage of using mail naires to collect data is____________?
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A. some respondents are paranoid

B. the cost of the stamps

C. the response rates

D. the inability to follow-up

E. the mail is slow

97. Sociology has been said to be the product of______________?
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A. the Chinese and Agricultural Revolutions

B. the American and Democratic Revolutions

C. the Russian and Scientific Revolutions

D. the French and Industrial Revolutions
98. Max Weber,s work made use of ideal types What are they ?
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A. the most commonly found type of social organization

B. conceptual or analytical models of social phenomena

C. models of society based on up to date statistical evidence

D. philosophical models of an ideal human society

99. It is useful to have a diversity of theories in sociology because_________________?
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A. it removes the need to assess a theory according the empirical evidence

B. human behavior is so complicated that no single theory would be adequate

C. innumerable theories have been developed in the many fields of sociology

D. sociologists can choose the theory that best fits the data they have collected

100. According to Strain theory, retreatants are likely to engage in what type of deviant activity ?
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A. robbery

B. Sexual assault

C. drug abuse

D. counterfeiting

E. terrorism