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soil science MCQs

Practise focused soil science questions with marked answers for exam preparation and subject revision.

soil science Mcqs
1. Nutritive elements needed in large quantities to ensure normal plant development:
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A. N, P, K

B. S, Mg, Ca, Fe

C. Both a & b

D. None of a & b

2. Which is the main cause of desertification?
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A. None of the above

B. Accelerated activities

C. Over grazing

D. Dry farming agriculture

3. Soils are also contaminated by a number of inorganic compounds which are also high toxic to human & other animals & are extremely poisonous may include:
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A. Arsenic & Cadmium

B. Mercury & chromium

C. Calcium & Magnesium

D. Both A & B
4. Which of the following nutrient play the most effective role in controlling rate of transpiration:
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A. Zinc

B. Phosphorus

C. Potassium

D. Mg

5. Any material such as straw, sawdust, leaves, plastic films, & loose soil that is spread upon the surface of the soil to protect the soil & plant roots from the effects of raindrops, soil crusting, freezing or evaporation:
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A. Mulch

B. Muck

C. Mycorrhizae

D. Mull

6. The lower leaves turn yellow and in some crops they quickly start drying up as if suffering from shortage of water, stunted growth, leaves & fruits shedding & whole plant becomes yellow, are deficiency symptoms of:_________?
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A. Potash

B. Nitrogen

C. Calcium

D. Both a & c

7. The highest Cation Exchange Capacity is in:_________?
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A. Sandy Soil

B. Clay soil

C. Gravely soil

D. Both A & C

8. The solid wastes generated in Pakistan are about: ___________?
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A. 65, 772 tonnes/day

B. All of the above

C. 12250 tonnes/day

D. 47,920 tonnes/day
9. Field Capacity is a point at which?
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A. All the macro & micropores in the soil are filled with water

B. All the macropores filled with air & the micropores filled with water

C. All of the above wrong

D. All the macropores filled with water & the micropores filled with air

10. An important component of total soil C is charcoal, also known as:__________?
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A. Black C

B. Biochar

C. Both A & B

D. None of the above

11. What civil engineers called soil?
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A. Land

B. Soil

C. Earth

D. ragmented rock

12. Term forest is derived from: ___________?
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A. None of the above

B. Latin word

C. French word

D. English word

13. Flow of nitrogen in soil due to:_________?
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A. None of the above

B. Diffusion

C. Interception

D. Mass flow
14. Chemicals, used for controlling the disease of crops, fruits & vegetables is___________ & chemical prepared for controlling insect-pests -:
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A. Weedicidesinsecticides

B. None of the above

C. InsecticidesHerbicides

D. FungicidesInsecticides
15. Maximum fixation of K occurs:__________?
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A. 1:2 clay mineral

B. 1:1 clay mineral

C. 2:2 clay mineral

D. 2:1 clay mineral
16. Fossils are found in which type of rock:
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A. Sedimentary rock

B. Metamorphic rock

C. Stratified rock

D. Both A & C
17. Which type of structure is dominant in grasslands:
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A. Spheroidal or Sphere-like

B. Prismatic & Columnar

C. Platy & Luminar

D. Angular blocky Sub-angular blocky

18. Extrusive rocks are also called as ___________ in which the grain or crystalline structure is too fine to be seen by the unaided eye?
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A. Volcanic Rock

B. Igneous Rock

C. Aphantic Rock

D. Both A & B

19. Items needed for synthesis of plant food in green leaves are _________ & the process through which it takes place is called photosynthesis:
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A. Sunlight

B. All of the above

C. Chlorophyll

D. Water & plant nutrients

20. Plants which grow on sandy soils:_________?
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A. Psammophytes

B. None of these

C. Lithophytes

D. Chasmophytes

21. __________________ systems play a crucial role in increasing soil organic C storage and reducing net emissions of greenhouse gases in addition to soil erosion control:
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A. All of the above

B. Agroforestry

C. Engineering

D. Cultivating

22. calcium is immobile in plants. Therefore, under conditions of deficiency, young tissue is affected first. calcium deficiency symptoms are:
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A. Death of terminal buds; roots tips also affected

B. Abnormal dark green appearance of foliage

C. All of the above

D. Premature shedding of blossoms & buds & weakened stem

23. In which form plant uptake phosphorus?
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A. Both

B. HPO4-2

C. Non of these

D. H2po4

24. From the sources of plant nutrients availability in soil, which of the following statements are correct:
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A. Air & water is the source of oxygen & the chief source of soil nitrogen is organic matter & when organic matter decomposes it gives ammonia.

B. All of the above

C. The plant absorbs carbon as carbondioxides directly from the atmosphere.

D. Water is the source of hydrogen

25. Effects of soil pollution may also include:___________?
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A. All of the above

B. Soil structure is damaged or polluted soil may no longer grow crops & fodder

C. Crops & fodder grown on polluted soil may pass the pollutants on to the consumers

D. Pollution runs-off into rivers & kills the fish, plant & other aquatic life

26. The soil texture refers to the relative proportion of sand,__________ and clay:
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A. Soil

B. Silt

C. Stone

D. Rock

27. The forest soils have lower bulk density than agricultural soils because of their ______ content.
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A. High organic matter

B. Low organic matter

C. Both a & b

D. None of these

28. Generally speaking, only level to nearly level (0-2 % slope) & gently sloping lands (2-5 % slope) should be:
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A. brought under range crops

B. Forests

C. Both a & b

D. None of the above
29. Conversion of inorganic P to organic P is known as:_________?
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A. Mineralization

B. Immobilization

C. Solubilization

D. both A & C

30. In acidic soil which form of phosphorus uptake by plants?
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A. Both

B. None of these

C. Secondary orthophosphate

D. Primary orthophosphate
31. Deforestation may decrease the chances of__________?
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A. land sliding

B. None of these

C. Wind erosion

D. Rainfall
32. Auxin is_______?
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A. An enzyme

B. A vitamin

C. A protein

D. A hormone
33. The drawbacks of erosion can be divided into:__________?
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A. Onsite damages

B. Offsite damages

C. Both A & B

D. None of the above

34. One of the following is not a form of water erosion:
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A. Sheet erosion

B. Rainsplash erosion

C. Saltation

D. Rill erosion

35. Availability of Phosphorus is maximum at:__________?
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A. Acidic

B. Neutral

C. None of these

D. Alkaline

36. The study of relationship between soil properties & plant production is known as:_________?
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A. Soil Science

B. None of these

C. Agronomy

D. Pedology

37. How many type of soil colloids?
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A. 4

B. 2

C. 5

D. 6

38. Almost one third of the land area through out the world is affected by land degradation. Pakistans agriculture sector though facilitates employment to >65% but is facing challenges from:
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A. Erosion

B. All of the above

C. Waterlogging

D. Salinity

39. Irregular rock masses formed in the pre-existing cracks & crevices are:__________?
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A. Lacoliths

B. Sills

C. Batholiths

D. Dikes

40. A & B horizon is called as:________?
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A. None of the above

B. Poly-pedon

C. Series

D. Regolith

41. Which nutrients are immobile in plants?
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A. Ca only

B. B only

C. P only

D. Both Ca & B
42. The capacity of a soil to function on sustained basis promoting plant and animal health:
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A. Soil Pollution

B. Soil Salinity

C. Soil Quality

D. None of these

43. Which is the correct sequence of soil erosion by water:
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A. Rill-Sheet-Gully

B. Sheet-Rill-Gully

C. Gully-Sheet-Rill

D. None of these

44. Nitrogen & sulphur dioxide liberate from motor vehicles & industries. Nitrogen & Sulphur gases dissolve in the water vapour of atmosphere & form nitric & sulphuric acid. This rain water falls on soil as__________ & contaminates soil also:
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A. Acid rain

B. Neutral rain

C. Both A & B

D. None of the above

45. Azotobacter fixes atmospheric nitrogen in the soil by:__________?
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A. Non-symbiotically

B. None of these

C. Can fix A & B

D. Symbiotically

46. Immobile nutrient in soil is:_________?
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A. P

B. Mg

C. None of the above

D. N

47. Soil order Vertisol is related to:_________?
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A. Black soils

B. River soils

C. Marine deposits

D. Both B & c

48. N and P sprayed on the leaves at time of flowering results in:________?
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A. Increase in fruit yield

B. None of these

C. Improve their protein

D. Increase fruit yeid & protein
49. Vegetation found in saline soils is termed by _________?
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A. Viticphyics

B. Hetrophyics

C. Halophyte

D. Hortiphyics

50. Soil conservation is performed by:_________?
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A. By heavy irrigation

B. Excessive grazing

C. By plantation

D. Cutting trees