sociology Mcqs
1551. Which sociological perspective argues that to whatever extent religion actually does influence social behavior it reinforces existing patterns of dominance and inequality ?
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A. functionalist perspective

B. each of the above

C. conflict perspective

D. interactionist perspective

1552. Socialization is extended to every part of human life As a result every one becomes both a socializer and a socialize in all encounters with others This concept leaves socialization without a social home. This is the approach of______________?
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A. Henslin

B. None of these

C. Long & Hadden

D. Arnett

1553. Which term describes religious organization of a loosely knit and transient kind ?
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A. church

B. denomination

C. sect

D. cult
1554. Freuds notion of the ego referred to________________?
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A. the neurotic part of the mind that longs for belonging and may suffer an inferiority complex

B. the unconscious mass of instinctive drives that may be repressed

C. the conscious part of the mind that regulates emotional drives on a practical rational level

D. the self as a whole an unstable mix of conscious and unconscious elements

1555. What is multiculturalism ?
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A. policies encouraging ethnic groups to live together in harmony

B. ethnic group cultures exist separately within a society

C. the existence of cultural diversity within a society

D. new immigrants adopting the values and norms of the host culture

1556. What was the system of forced racial segregation in South Africa known as _____________?
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A. assimilation

B. multiculturalism

C. ethnic cleansing

D. apartheid
1557. Role confusion in modern society is engendered by all but one of the following____________?
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A. Increase in number of achievable positions

B. None of these

C. Broadening of role specification

D. Plurality of moralities

1558. What is defined as the dispersal of an ethnic population from an original homeland into foreign areas often in a forced manner ?
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A. migration

B. diaspora

C. globalization

D. colonialism

1559. Which theoretical approach emphasizes racism not as a deviation from the non-racist norm but rather as the everyday normal experience for people of color ?
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A. ethnocentrism

B. conflict theories

C. primordialism

D. critical race theory
1560. Who theorized that we might be witnessing the clash of civilizations ?
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A. Giles Kepel

B. Samuel Huntington

C. Amartya Sen

D. Michel Maffesoli

1561. Which country has the world,s largest concentration of Jews ?
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A. Poland

B. Russia

C. Israel

D. USA

1562. Prohibiting intermarriage across ethnic groups the physical separation of groups and restrictions on contact between ethnic groups are examples of______________?
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A. group closure

B. discrimination

C. resource allocation

D. ethnocentrism

1563. Which sociological perspective emphasizes the integrative power of religion in human society ?
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A. conflict perspective

B. each of the above

C. interactionist perspective

D. functionalist perspective
1564. Which of the following -perhaps the first sociologist to recognize the critical importance of religion in human societies stressed the social impact of religion ?
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A. Emile Durkheim

B. Talcott Parsons

C. Karl Marx

D. Max Weber

1565. Which of the following is TRUE of interactionists ?
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A. all of the above

B. Interactionists believe the world we experience is socially constructed

C. Interactionists downplay the role of communication in ethnicity

D. Interactionist believe that groups will experience conflict only if they are of two distinct ethnic groups

1566. Role ascription by merit has also restricted the social statuses to those who has______________?
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A. (a)mainly depending on (b)

B. Mental and physical proficiency

C. None of these

D. inherited and good early environment

1567. Ethnic groups_______________?
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A. unlike racial groups are socially constructed

B. occupy a small territory

C. are based solely on nationality

D. are groups identified on cultural grounds
1568. The emphasis on the relationship between religion and which ONE of the following is distinctive to Webers study of religion ?
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A. social change

B. social conflict

C. social solidarity

D. social inequality

1569. Marxist feminists explain patriarchy in terms of_________________?
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A. the dual systems of capitalist and male domination

B. sex classes through which men oppress women economically politically and sexually

C. a lack of equal rights and opportunities for men and women

D. womens domestic labor being exploited by the capitalist econorny
1570. The Thomas theorem states that________________?
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A. verbal communication is more important than touch and touch is more important than artifacts in communicating a message

B. definitions of the situation differ, and common understanding is impossible

C. nonverbal communication constitutes the majority of a message in communication

D. if situations are defined as real they are real in their consequences
1571. Which of the following is NOT one of the properties of a minority group ?
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A. a high degree of marriage outside of the group (exogamy)

B. hereditary membership

C. racial or cultural self-consciousness

D. oppression at the hands of a dominant group

1572. In larger groups each person has ?
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A. a more elaborate structure within which to function

B. less time to speak

C. more points of view to absorb

D. all of the above
1573. Urbanization is a ______ process ?
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A. Straight lined

B. None of these

C. Cyclical

D. Social

1574. Which of the following is a criticism of the sick role ?
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A. Patients judgments regarding their own state of health may be related to their gender age social class and ethnic group

B. all of the above

C. Even simple factors such as whether a person is employed or not seem to affect willingness to assume the sick role

D. The sick role may be more applicable to people experiencing short-term illnesses than those with recurring long -term illnesses

1575. Which of the following can be classified as a charismatic leader ?
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A. Malcolm X

B. Adolf Hitler

C. all of the above

D. Joan of Arc

1576. Jean Piaget found that although newborns have no self in the sense of a looking glass image they are quiet ?
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A. self-centered

B. deterministic

C. ethnocentric

D. other-directed

1577. Biological inheritance physical environment culture and group experience are various factors which play a role in the development of_______________?
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A. Personality

B. Society

C. Community

D. None of these

1578. The process of looking glass self consists of __________ steps?
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A. None of these

B. Four

C. Three

D. Two

1579. The conscious and rational part of the self is______________?
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A. id

B. ego

C. None of these

D. Superego

1580. Erik Erikson a German scholar trained in Freudian psychoanalysis presented a theory of life-cycle socialization through ?
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A. five stages

B. Seven stages

C. None of these

D. Eight stages
1581. Sorokin emphasizes that the group difference is mainly affected by differences in_______________?
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A. None of these

B. Culture

C. biological factor

D. Physical environment
1582. The third age of the life course is said to involve ?
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A. the transition from education to work and distinctive youth cultures

B. illness isolation and increasing dependence on others

C. full time employment family-building and adult responsibility

D. active non-work and independence after retirement
1583. The form of transnational organization where overseas subsidiaries are managed by local firms in each country is called ?
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A. geocentric

B. ethnocentric

C. polycentric

D. egocentric

1584. The part which is the complex of social ideals and values which one has internalized, and which form the conscience is______________?
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A. id

B. None of these

C. Superego

D. ego

1585. Which of the following statements about small groups is correct ?
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A. All small groups are primary groups

B. All small groups are secondary groups

C. Many small groups differ from primary groups in that they do not necessarily offer the intimate personal relationships of primary groups

D. both b and c

1586. Which pioneer of sociology first directed researchers to the significance of bureaucratic structure ?
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A. Karl Marx

B. Ferdinand Tonnies

C. Emile Durkheim

D. Max Weber
1587. Which of the following have expressed particular concern about the longevity of union leaders who are not always responsive to the needs and demands of membership ?
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A. classical theorists

B. interactionists

C. conflict theorists

D. functionalists

1588. Once formed the self is________________?
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A. interactive

B. None of these

C. proactive

D. rigid

1589. Cooley presented the idea oflooking glass self a personality type in which self is discovered through ?
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A. None of these

B. Reactions of others

C. Mixture of both

D. Persons,s own image about himself/herself

1590. According to __________ a variety of life experiences can come to be viewed as illnesses or not?
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A. conflict perspective

B. functionalist perspective

C. interactionist perspective

D. labelling theory
1591. Which of these aspects of organization is most associated with the work of Michel Foucault ?
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A. meritocracy

B. transnational organization

C. bureaucracy

D. surveillance

1592. totality of behavior of an individual with a given tendency system interacting with a sequence of situations is termed as____________?
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A. Personality

B. None of these

C. Role

D. Behavior

1593. Social constructionism studies the processes which create and sustain ?
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A. social

B. social space

C. social reality

D. social structures

1594. Which of the following used the phrase looking-glass self to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interactions with other people?
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A. Harry Harlow

B. Erving Goffman

C. George Herbert Mead

D. Charles Horton Cooley
1595. According to Piaget the phase at which children master abstract logical notions are able to grasp causality and can recognize false reasoning is the ?
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A. formal operational stage

B. concrete operational phase

C. sensorimotor stage

D. preoperational stage

1596. The adage that its not what you know its who you know emphasizes the importance of connections This is most relevant the concept of________________?
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A. social capital

B. network economy

C. political corruption

D. de-differentiation

1597. Which of the following did Max Weber see as a potentially serious problem with the advance of modern bureaucracies ?
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A. social organization could become too efficient

B. bureaucratic organization could become prohibitively expensive to run

C. democracy could become a sham if bureaucrats held real power

D. bureaucratic officials may be able to abuse their power

1598. Charismatic leaders build a following based upon which of the following ?
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A. personal qualities

B. rational argument

C. collective wealth

D. traditional authority

1599. The four principles of McDonaldization are_______________?
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A. efficiency calculability uniformity automation

B. efficiency Big Mac large fries milkshake

C. efficiency dehumanization automation high calories

D. efficiency calculability affordability consistent decor

1600. Authority generated by the personality or personal appeal of an individual is referred as______________?
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A. traditional authority

B. charismatic authority

C. Patrimonialism

D. rational domination