A. equals the absolute value of the balance on capital account

B. includes goods services and unilateral transfers

C. #NAME?

D. is financed by savings

A. #NAME?

B. Restrict subsidiary exports when they undercut the market of the parent company

C. increasing the LDCs technological dependence on foreign sources resulting in less technological innovation by local workers

D. Hamper local entrepreneurship and investment in infant industries

A. are understaffed politically muddled and administratively complex

B. focus on loans and the grant element of aid is low

C. are biased toward Asia

D. #NAME?

A. In 2001, only Denmark Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg exceeded the aid target for LDCs

B. In the early 1990s the OECD contributed 98 percent of all aid

D. During the 1980s OECD countries contributed four fifths of the worlds bilateral official development assistance to LDCs

A. a significantly positive effect on growth in the subsequent five years

C. an exponentially negative effect on growth ten years

D. negative effect on economic growth during the simultaneous five-year period but has a significantly positive effect on growth in the subsequent five years

B. the transportation and storage cost increased tremendously

C. agricultural production suffered excessively due to weather changes

D. proponents of basic-needs attainment opposed food-aid

A. technical assistance to stock market and financial market problems

B. loans for post-World War II reconstruction

D. bonds denominated in U.S dollars as a loan to LDCs

A. #NAME?

B. the foreign exchange gap

C. the savings gap

D. the skill limit

A. financial liberalization in LDCs leads to collapse of the economy

B. employers and consumers can more readily replace domestic workers with foreign workers by investing abroad or buying imports

D. an economy more open to foreign trade and investment faces a more inelastic demand for unskilled workers

A. #NAME?

B. technical cooperation

C. developments grants

D. loans with at least 25 percent grant element

B. the brain drains from LDCs to DCs

C. the law of increasing returns that implies that the marginal productivity of capital is higher in LDCs

D. the fat that the DC capital market is perfectly competitive

A. changes of a traditional culture of a country to a western culture

B. decreasing autonomy of the nation-state involves

C. giving aid to poor countries to improve their economy politics and social status

A. is aid with repayment in inconvertible currency

B. is technical aid given by IMF

C. is a loan at bankers standards

A. the trade accounts

B. the capital accounts

D. the long-term current account

A. Finance a savings gap or balance of payments deficit

B. Employ domestic labor, especially in skilled jobs

C. Obtain foreign technology by adapting existing processes

D. #NAME?

B. is equivalent to Hollands aid

C. lowest among the OECD countries

D. higher currently than it was in the 1960s and 1970s

A. savings and financial liberalization

C. stock market and fiscal policy

D. savings from abroad and financial outflow

B. and the external openness of income growth among the poorest 40 percent of LDCs

C. and the dangers of a trade deficit

D. and MNC domination and its effects on income distribution

A. as in direct investment investors export goods and services abroad

C. investors transfer the technology to local investors

D. investors are directly involved in managing the operations