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sociology MCQs

Practise multiple-choice questions from sociology for competitive examinations and subject revision. Review each marked answer and report any item that may be outdated or unclear.

sociology Mcqs

1. Who wrote The Metropolis and Mental Life (1903) ?
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A. Louise Wirth

B. Georg Simmel

C. Max Weber

D. Robert Park

2. Which of the following is not identified as a new form of community ?
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A. ethnic communities based on shard identity and experiences of discrimination

B. gay villages which are formed in certain parts of large cities

C. virtual communities that exist only in cyberspace

D. sociological communities formed by unpopular lectures

3. The number of registered NGOs in Pakistanis_____________?
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A. 8000 and above

B. None of these

C. below 5000

D. 10,000 to 12.000

4. Post-modernist writers have argued that______________?
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A. we live in a world of superficial fragmented images

B. society has changed, and we need new kinds of theory

C. all of the above

D. no theory is better than any other anything goes

5. What is urban recycling ?
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A. refurbishing old buildings and finding new uses for previously used land

B. councils buying up cheap housing to turn into commercial developments

C. a new domestic waste reduction strategy for inner-city areas

D. renovating inner-city buildings for occupation by the middle classes

6. As a consequence of rural-urban migration____________?
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A. Ruralisation of urban areas and ribbon growth seem to be the result

B. More and more urbanization is taking place successfully

C. ruralisation of urban areas is taking place

D. None of these

7. Weber (1919) said that the states monopoly of the use of force was legitimated by______________?
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A. value-rational authority

B. traditional authority

C. charismatic authority

D. rational -legal authority

8. Which of the following is predicted to be a major influence on cities during the next 50 years ?
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A. The internet

B. Pollution

C. Deindustrialization

D. Urban renewal

9. The newest factor in the development equation is______________?
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A. Civil Society

B. NGOs

C. None of these

D. Media

10. Urbanization occurred in the nineteenth century because_______________?
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A. transport systems were not provided so it was easier to live in the city

B. industrial capitalism led to a shift of population from rural to urban areas

C. towns and cities were becoming increasingly planned and managed

D. commuters started moving out of villages and into cities

11. Tonnies divided the social structure into Gemeinschaft and Gesellschafts The tighter and cohesive social entity was the salient feature of___________?
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A. Gemeinschaft

B. Gesellschafts

C. Both of them

D. None of these

12. Judiciary has also played a part in destabilizing political structure of country by______________?
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A. discapproving military actions

B. None of these

C. remaining silent

D. Approving unconstitutional intervention

13. What proportion of employment in nonurban counties in the United States is accounted for by agriculture ?
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A. 22 per cent

B. 63 per cent

C. 9 per cent

D. 41 per cent

14. Which of these is not a reason why the rate of urban growth is larger in developing countries ?
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A. reverse migration (from cities back to rural communities) can be harder in developing societies once a livelihood in a rural community is lost

B. fertility rates are generally higher in developing countries including among city dwellers

C. greater job opportunities encourage large-scale internal migration from rural areas to cities

D. living in closely connected settlements is a social feature common in developing countries

15. The concept of collective consumption is most closely associated with______________?
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A. Hervey

B. Saunders

C. Castells

D. Molotch

16. Sociological perspective means __________ ?
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A. Understanding human behavior in broader context of society

B. Understanding human behavior in narrower context of society

C. Both a & b

D. None of these

17. A group of people with the same or related occupations is usually termed as___________?
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A. Workplace community

B. None of these

C. Professional community

D. Secondary group

18. The terms crisis of the 1970s is used to refer to_______________?
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A. the eradication of the welfare state

B. rising divorce rates and the decline of the traditional family

C. an unfortunate twist in fashion sensibility

D. declining profits and rising unemployment

19. Which of the following is not identified by Fulcher & Scott as a criterion of community ?
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A. collective action based on common interests

B. common activities involving all-round relationships

C. a shared sense of identity and belonging together

D. a fixed geographical location

20. Human Rights Commission of Pakistan is Fighting for_________________?
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A. Human rights

B. None of these

C. Organizational development

D. Social integrity

21. Which of the followings are included in primary goals of a social science _______?
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A. Generalization

B. Experimentation

C. All of these

D. Prediction

22. Civil society includes______________?
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A. Masses

B. Voluntary civic and social organizations

C. None of these

D. State institutions

23. In Which year did the urban areas of the world become more populous than rural areas ?
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A. 1950

B. 2007

C. 1999

D. 1975

24. In Pakistan civil society is in developmental stages and ye has little influence in the_____________?
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A. Policy making

B. Social issues

C. Political affairs

D. None of these

25. The root cause of destabilized political structure in Pakistan is_____________?
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A. Feudal system

B. Military interventions

C. Industrialists

D. None of these

26. What is defined as the cultural practices and outlooks of a given community of people that set them apart from others ?
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A. identity

B. racism

C. ethnicity

D. stereotyping

27. Cultural restructuring has involved________________?
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A. turning industrial landscapes into tourist attractions

B. regenerating cities in economic decline

C. all of the above

D. selling sites and images through the symbolic economy of media advertising

28. Wirth (1938) said that social relationships in the urban way of life were segmental because______________?
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A. they were based on face to face interaction with close friends and family

B. they were confined to particular areas of the city

C. people knew each other only through specific situational roles and not as whole rounded individuals

D. there were distinctive patterns of activity for each social class

29. Which regions of the world currently have the highest and lowest proportions respectively of population living in cities ?
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A. Highest Asia Lowest Africa

B. Highest Europe Lowest Africa

C. Highest Europe Lowest Oceania

D. Highest North America Lowest Africa

30. The decentralized city can be identified by______________?
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A. the degendering of public space as women use local facilities more

B. gentrification the movement of middle-class people back into the inner city

C. all of the above

D. the shift of employment and service away from the inner city towards multiple centers in smaller towns and rural areas

31. The most dramatic population trend in the United States throughout the twentieth century has been_______________?
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A. the move to the old homestead in rural areas

B. the move to the sunbelt

C. suburbanization

D. urbanization

32. British rule restricted the autonomy of Baradaris and in turn gave____________?
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A. Corporate structures

B. Formal institutions

C. Both A and B

D. None of these

33. According to Herbert Gans residents who remain in the city to take advantage of the unique cultural and intellectual benefits of the city are called_____________?
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A. urban villagers

B. the trapped

C. cosmopolites

D. ethnic villagers

34. The collective value of all social networks (who people know) and the inclinations that arise from these networks to do things for each other (the norms of reciprocity) is called ____________ ??
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A. Social Capital

B. Social bond

C. Social cohesion

D. None of these

35. Which of these statements is correct ?
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A. correlations are one-way causal relationships

B. correlations always lead to causal explanations

C. causation cannot be inferred directly from correlation

D. causes and correlations are essentially the same

36. Which of the following shape our ideas more than the other __________ ?
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A. Hereditary traits

B. Social groups interaction

C. Both a & b

D. None of these

37. Th market model of state welfare is based on the principle of_____________?
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A. recommodifying social welfare through state provision

B. a universalist system of welfare for all regardless of income

C. regular benefit payments to men as earners of the family wage

D. individuals buying welfare privately with some means-tested benefits

38. Which of the following did the pst-war welfare state of 1948 not aim to provide ?
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A. full employment

B. a minimum wage

C. free health care and education for all

D. universal welfare

39. Social Location is the group membership that people have because of their __________ ?
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A. Status in society

B. None of these

C. Location in a town

D. Location in history and society

40. What is gentrification ?
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A. a policy aimed at renovating inner-city council housing stock

B. renovation of run-down city neighborhoods to attract high income groups

C. the movement of the middle classes into suburban areas

D. building shopping centers in cities to create employment

41. New urbanism was a movement started in 1980s decreasing dependency on_____________?
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A. State

B. each other

C. Vehicular transportation

D. None of these

42. Causes of necrosis includes ________ ?
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A. Infection

B. All of above

C. Injury

D. Cancer

43. According to Riley Dunlap which one of the following is not a basic function that the natural environment serves for humans ?
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A. the environment provides the resources essential for life

B. the environment houses our species

C. the environment serves as a waste depository

D. the environment provides a natural setting for social inequalities

44. Who described urbanism as a way of life _____________?
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A. Burgess

B. Hawley

C. Park

D. Wirth

45. The distribution of power in society is a concern for_____________?
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A. microsociology

B. interactionism

C. ethnomethodology

D. macrosociology

46. Which of the following was not a common feature of ancient cities ?
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A. relatively small populations

B. a strong influence over external

C. walled boundaries

D. geographically small in size

47. Agriculture cannot absorb the population concentration of human activities and settlements around the downtown areas when the residential area shifts outward this is called____________?
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A. Other occupations

B. Urbanization

C. Development

D. None of these

48. When sociologists study the structure of layers in society and peoples movement between them, they call this_____________?
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A. social solidarity

B. social conflict

C. social stratification

D. social control

49. Civil society in Pakistan has gone through_____________?
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A. None of these

B. Three stages

C. Four stage

D. Two stages

50. Why does Mike Davis (1990) describe Los Angeles as a city of quartz ?
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A. it has been hardened against than any other US city

B. it has a policy of promoting opportunity for all

C. it has been hardened against the poor

D. it has more millionaires than any other city

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