sociology Mcqs
801. In modern societies social status is typically measured by a person_______________?
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A. income

B. verbal fluency

C. age

D. occupation
802. Which one of the following is NOT associated with the materialist conception of history ?
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A. the mode of production

B. the history of class struggle

C. the motor of history

D. the spirit of capitalism
803. Which one of the following is a pull factor in emigration ?
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A. population pressures

B. employment opportunities

C. political oppression

D. food shortages

804. The term Second World societies refers to______________?
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A. countries that industrialized after those in Europe

B. countries that industrialized less successfully than Europe

C. countries that have yet to proceed to industrialize

D. countries that industrialized under state central planning
805. A series of complexes centering upon an important activity is___________________?
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A. None of these

B. Trait

C. Religion

D. Institution
806. Which of the following is a characteristic of a society ?
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A. A group must have at least 1,500 members to be considered a society

B. Members of a society possess a wide variety of values and norms based on their social status

C. Members of a society comprise a more or less self-sufficient social unit

D. Another term for society is nation-state

807. The conflict theory holds that stratification exists because____________?
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A. privilege prestige and power are equally distributed in society

B. capitalists and workers are class conscious

C. its benefits individuals and groups who have the power to dominate and exploit others

D. the capitalist drive to distribute wealth equitably is the foundation of modern society

808. Women of which ethnic group are least likely to have a white partner ?
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A. India

B. Pakistan

C. Chinese

D. Bangladeshi
809. Which of the following are viewed by sociologists as analytically distinct components of stratification ?
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A. class prestige and esteem

B. conformity deviance and social control

C. class caste and age

D. class status and power
810. What is the idea that racism pervades all of societys structures in a systematic way called ?
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A. cultural racism

B. new racism

C. ethnocentrism

D. institutional racism
811. A social stratum is_______________?
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A. a level in the social hierarchy comprising people with shared life chances

B. a symbol of status used to differentiate between social classes

C. the boundary between two levels of the social hierarchy

D. a methodological tool used to identify a persons social class

812. the level of public spending on Education has regrettably reduced from 2.6% in 1990, s to _____ in 2002-03 ?
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A. None of these

B. 1.50%

C. 1.8%

D. 2%

813. A social class is a group of people who stand in a common relationship to the means of production Whose perspective does this definition describe ?
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A. Erik Olin-Wright

B. Karl Marx

C. John Goldthorpe

D. Max Weber

814. Which of these classification terms when in use would never have been used to describe for example Ghana in Africa ?
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A. global South

B. second World

C. developing

D. majority world

815. The class polarization that Marx predicted referred to________________?
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A. the division of each social class into the more or less privileged.

B. the tendency for the working class to live in very could places

C. a growing gap between rich and poor resulting in class consciousness

D. the growth of intermediate strata in the middle classes

816. Underclass refers to____________?
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A. the poor who are concentrated in isolated rural areas

B. individuals who experience occasional poverty but who move back into the mainstream of economic life within 12 months

C. the persistently poor who exist mainly because of a sharp climb in joblessness due to a redistribution of jobs in the inner city

D. both b and c

817. Pakistanis net primary enrolment is significantly below than its neighbors specially ?
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A. India

B. Sri Lanka

C. Bangladesh

D. None of these
818. The term ethnocentrism was coined by sociologist____________?
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A. George Murdock

B. William Graham Sumner

C. Max Weber

D. William F. Ogburn

819. Values_______________?
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A. provide explicit indications of which behaviors are acceptable and which are not.

B. are general and abstract and do not explicitly specify which behaviors are acceptable and which are not

C. are narrow ideas about what is desirable correct and good

D. are defined by symbols

820. The lower class is often considered to be living in_______________?
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A. None of these

B. Mere poverty

C. Culture of lower class

D. culture of poverty
821. In the United States often formalize norms into_______________?
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A. values

B. laws

C. mores

D. folkways

822. Mobility of women was usually decided the past through ?
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A. Status of women in society

B. Status of their husbands

C. Both a and b

D. None of these

823. Which of the following would experience role exit ?
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A. a recovering alcoholic

B. retired person

C. nun who leaves her religious order

D. each of the above
824. Mass hysteria ?
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A. none of the above

B. never involves physical symptoms

C. involves contained anxiety

D. is usually associated with some mysterious force
825. The preoccupation with eating habits following the Atkins diet is an example of a(n) _____________?
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A. interest

B. resistance

C. fashion

D. craze

E. fad

826. The internet rearranges our experience or space-time by making it possible to_____________?
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A. communicate instantly with people far away

B. interact in an unreal and alienated way

C. experience what it,s like to be a different gender

D. communicate without non-verbal cues

827. Which one of the following is not an example of non-verbal communication ?
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A. smiling

B. talking

C. waving

D. frowning

828. In developing nations which of the following influence(s) social change towards the liberal Western democratic style of society ?
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A. literacy education and communication

B. a centrally dominated social order

C. homogenous social groups and organizations

D. extreme social inequalities

829. Parsons argued that the two main functions of the modern family were ?
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A. primary socialization and personality stabilization

B. secondary socialization and strict discipline

C. oppressing women and reproducing the labor force

D. emotional support and sexual gratification

830. Career and mobility patterns for men and women are_______________?
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A. quite different

B. growing more nearly alike

C. none of these

D. all alike

831. A ___________ is a substantial number of people who interact on the basis of loosely defined norms ?
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A. contagion

B. mob

C. craze

D. group

E. collectivity
832. The purpose of a reference group is to serve a (n)_________________?
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A. normative function by enforcing standards of conduct and belief

B. comparison function by serving as a standard against which people can measure themselves and others

C. elimination function by dissolving groups that no longer have a social purpose

D. both a and b
833. Some groups are neither clearly primary nor secondary but are intermediate with some features of each usually formed for performing some task They are called______________?
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A. Tertiary groups

B. Intermediate groups

C. Task-groups

D. None of these

834. Social revolutions_______________?
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A. appear to follow no natural history

B. involve the gradual evolution of existing state and class structures into new social arrangements

C. are most likely to occur when political

D. often begin with intellectuals withdrawing their support of the existing regime
835. socialization in children takes place___________?
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A. In the same class

B. among the children of different classes

C. between lower and middle classes

D. both a and c
836. Conflict theorists_____________?
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A. emphasize that the values of society serve all members of society

B. argue that criminal acts are acts which the ruling class brands as criminal

C. None of the above reflects the thinking of conflict theorists

D. see the capitalist ruling class as protecting the masses

837. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the rising divorce rate in the West ?
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A. women have become less economically dependent

B. a reduction in the stigma attached to divorce

C. marriage is seen in terms of personal satisfaction

D. increased acceptance of same-sex relationships
838. To Simmel a mean of maintaining or increasing integration with groups is______________?
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A. Coercion

B. Competition

C. Co-operation

D. Conflict
839. Norbert Elias argued that effective communication systems have an evolutionary survival value How did he illustrate this in humans ?
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A. by studying the face

B. by studying small tribal groups

C. by studying sign language

D. by studying whole body language

840. Close friends who have known each other since childhood would be an example of a (n)_______________?
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A. out-groups

B. secondary group

C. Primary group

D. formal organizations

841. During the Second World War Christians living in Nazi Germany had to choose between trying to protect Jewish friends and associates and turning them in to the authorities This is an example of____________?
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A. functional prerequisites

B. cultural universalism

C. role conflict

D. role strain

842. Functionalists view social control as_______________?
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A. operating to favor powerful groups at the expense of others

B. an indispensable functional requirement for social survival

C. a source of social chaos

D. both b and c

843. Which policy is supported by the theory of broken windows ?
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A. restorative justice

B. deterrent sentencing

C. zero tolerance

D. target hardening

844. The societies which strictly follow caste systems the people mostly adopt the occupations of their ancestors and live on the same statuses such society is_____________?
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A. Closed society

B. Caste society

C. None of these

D. Open society

845. _________ refers to the fundamental alterations in the patterns of culture structure and social behavior over time ?
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A. social change

B. cultural lag

C. diffusion

D. modernization

846. Patterns of drug use in Britain reveal that____________?
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A. despite a series of moral panics, the use of illegal drugs is very rare

B. teenage girls are more likely to experiment with hard drugs than teenage boys

C. the most commonly used recreational drug is Ecstasy

D. it has increased and is no longer confined to a hedonistic youth subculture
847. The work of Smart suggested that_____________?
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A. all of the above

B. womens sexual delinquency was more likely to be normalized than mens

C. womens criminal behavior tended to reflect traditional gender roles

D. the rates of violent crime were similar for men and women

848. Which one of the following does Wilkinson identify as the main determinant of relative health in a society ?
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A. lifestyle choices

B. social integration

C. work patterns

D. social inequality

849. The social condition in which people find it difficult to guide their behavior by norms they experience as weak unclear or conflicting is called______________?
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A. anomie

B. deviance

C. none of the above

D. social disorganization

850. The native people of Tasmania a large island just south of Australia are now extinct because they failed to______________?
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A. preserve order

B. replace personnel

C. provide and maintain a sense of purpose

D. teach new recruits