sociology Mcqs
751. The capitalist class of the mid-twentieth century were said to join the upper class because them___________?
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A. owned companies and financial assets that generated wealth through corporations

B. had direct personal ownerships of land and businesses as physical assets

C. emulated the lifestyle and cultural values of the traditional aristocracy

D. Participated in the same leisure pursuits and events of the social calendar

752. A preference for foreign culture and products is called________________?
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A. Xenocentrism

B. Cultural Adjustment

C. None of these

D. Ethnocentrism

753. The potential number of children that women are capable of bearing is called____________?
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A. fertility

B. femininity

C. facticity

D. fecundity
754. Each social class is a subculture with a system of______________?
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A. Set of values

B. Behavior

C. All of above

D. Way of life

755. In which sector do two-thirds of the worlds working children perform their labor ?
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A. services

B. Wholesale and retail

C. agriculture

D. manufacturing

756. A social system in which social position is fixed for a lifetime What type of social stratification does this describe ?
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A. Social class

B. estates

C. slavery

D. caste

757. Interventionist Perspective emphasizes that________________?
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A. All of the above

B. People perceive the world mostly subjectively

C. All reality is not subjective

D. People interact mainly through symbols

758. All the perspectives are______________?
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A. basically, the analysis of society from different angles

B. complementary each other

C. quite opposing to each other

D. B and C
759. The term Sociology was first coined by____________?
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A. Max Weber

B. None of these

C. August Comte

D. Karl Marx

760. Principles of Sociology was written in 1876 by______________?
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A. August Comte

B. Herbert Spencer

C. Max Weber

D. None of these

761. The Maasai of Kenya is an example of_______________?
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A. Hunter gatherer society

B. Agrarian society

C. Pastoralist society

D. None of these

762. Which of the following positions is NOT associated with the hyper globalizers ?
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A. regional institutions are becoming as powerful as nation-states

B. individual countries no longer control their own economies

C. citizens lose faith in existing systems of governance

D. globalization needs to happen much more quickly
763. Which of the following is not part of the argument made against globalization by sceptics ?
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A. trading blocs are effective not a global economy

B. regionalization is occurring not globalization

C. economic globalization is occurring not political globalization

D. national governments are most significant not international institutions

764. A pastoralist society depends upon ?
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A. domesticated livestock

B. Trade and business

C. None of these

D. agriculture

765. Arlie Hochschild,s The Managed Heart is an influential application of_____________?
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A. emotional labor

B. symbolic interactionism

C. social action

D. symbiosis

766. Dropout rate in Pakistan is_____________?
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A. None of these

B. 40%

C. 50%

D. 60%

767. The kuznets hypothesis states that as economic development proceeds inequality ?
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A. first increases then decreases then increases then decreases

B. first increases then flattens out, before rising again

C. first increases then decreases before remaining low

D. first decreases then increases before remaining high
768. According to Durkheim an important component of social life was______________?
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A. Social solidarity

B. Social alienation

C. Individualism

D. None of these

769. Sociology can be considered a social science because_______________?
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A. sociologists collect data in a relatively objective and systematic way

B. all of the above

C. ideas and research findings are scrutinized by other sociologists

D. its theories are logical explicit and supported by empirical evidence

770. Which one of the following does not apply to social class systems ?
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A. class positions are in part achieved

B. class systems are relatively fluid

C. class is economically based

D. class position is entirely subjective
771. The most extreme form of legalized social inequality for individuals or groups is ________________?
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A. open class system

B. caste systems

C. closed caste systems

D. slavery
772. When Berger & Luckman said that reality is socially constructed they meant ?
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A. sociologists decide what constitutes social reality and measure only that

B. people negotiate shared definitions of their situation and live according to these often forgetting that these social worlds are not fixed and external

C. scientists are guided in their work by social values and interests, so they define and measure phenomena that will support their theories

D. terms like reality have no deeper meaning beyond the level of discourse

773. The term culture industry used by members of the Frankfurt School referred to____________?
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A. the development of subcultures and counter-cultures in society

B. they way in which industrialization had created new means of communication

C. they way in which cultural products were bought and sold for profit

D. the globalization of culture through new technologies

774. The solution Marx gave to the problem of alienation was______________?
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A. Dictatorship

B. Communism

C. None of these

D. Democracy

775. According to Marx the fruit of labor should go to________________?
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A. the working class

B. the capitalist

C. to none of these

D. equally distributed

776. What is the main role of the International Monetary Fund ?
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A. to reduce levels of global inequality

B. to maintain stability in the world financial system

C. to provide funds for education programmed across the world

D. to generate economic activity in the developing countries

777. The emergence of a consolidated network of business leadership is most compatible with which ideal-type of capitalism ?
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A. family capitalism

B. managerial capitalism

C. institutional

D. welfare capitalism

778. The sequence of Rostow,s stages of economic growth are____________?
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A. traditional state intervention high mass consumption take-off

B. traditional drive to maturity high mass consumption take-off

C. traditional take-off drive to maturity high mass consumption

D. traditional dependency modernization take-off

779. Suicide by Durkheim was published in____________?
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A. 1897

B. None of these

C. 1878

D. 1797

780. Bernstein thought that using restricted codes of language disadvantaged pupils at school because____________?
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A. they prevented children from communicating outside of their peer groups

B. they involved short simple sentences with a small vocabulary

C. they referred to explicit context independent meanings

D. this pattern of speech made them the target of bullying

781. Which of the following is true regarding the functionalist and conflict theories of social stratification ?
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A. Conflict theory is better at explaining inequality

B. Some sociologists have tried to synthesize the conflict and functionalist perspectives to argue that stratification systems are institutions that have evolved in order to reduce conflict

C. none of the above

D. Only functionalist theory has merit when discussing social structure

782. The identification of a new moon of Saturn was an act of_______________?
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A. discovery

B. cultural integration

C. invention

D. diffusion

783. __________ refers to the reputation that a specific person has earned within an occupation?
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A. status

B. prestige

C. power

D. esteem
784. Diffusion of innovations among the cultures means______________?
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A. Travelling of traits and patterns space/territory

B. Transmission of trait complexes time

C. Both A and B

D. None of the above

785. The process of turning the class concept into something measurable is called___________?
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A. operant conditioning

B. operational research

C. operationalization

D. modus operandum
786. One of the root causes of suicide, according to Durkheim was______________?
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A. None of these

B. Increased development

C. Industrialization

D. Decrease in social solidarity
787. Comte,s term positivism refers to________________?
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A. the precise scientific study of observable phenomena

B. a theory that posits difficult s and sets out to answer them

C. an unscientific set of laws about social progress

D. a theory that emphasizes the positive aspects of society

788. Which field of study was originally developed in the 1930s as an increasing number of social scientists became aware of the plight of the elderly ?
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A. gerontocracy

B. silicide

C. geriatrics

D. gerontology
789. Pierre Bourdieu,s theoretical perspective makes use of the concept of capital Which of the following is not part of his scheme ?
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A. cultural capital

B. political

C. social capital

D. economic capital

790. Which of the following is a true statement ?
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A. human beings have existed on earth for about half a million years

B. civilizations date back around six thousand years

C. all of the above

D. agriculture is only around twelve thousand years old

791. The idea that classes vary according to their possession of cultural capital is associated with________________?
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A. Pierre Bourdieu

B. John Goldthorpe

C. Karl Marx

D. Max Weber

792. When workers organized unions and forced management to recognize that they were not object, theorists of formal organizations began to revise the________________?
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A. classical theory

B. scientific management approach

C. human relations approach

D. both a and b
793. The practice of legally enforced marriage within caste is called_____________?
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A. endogamy

B. exclusion

C. endogeny

D. exegesis

794. Social stratification is_______________?
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A. a system in which people can change their status with relative ease.

B. the ranking or grading of individuals and groups into hierarchical layers

C. based entirely on self-classification

D. none of the above

795. A social condition in which values are conflicting weak or absent is called____________?
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A. anomie

B. Assimilation

C. Hawthorne affect

D. invasion

796. A system of stratification where positions are partly achieved, and mobility is common is one based on ?
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A. caste

B. status

C. slavery

D. class
797. Amjad must finish writing a report for work that is due the next day His son,s school just called and said the child must be picked up from school because he is sick Amjad,s wife is out of town on business As a result Amjad is experiencing ?
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A. role hypersensitivity

B. role conflict

C. role reversal

D. role strain

798. Proletariat refers to____________?
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A. the capitalist

B. the middle man

C. None of these

D. the working class
799. Due to urbanization Pakistanis urban population increased from six million in 1951 to_____________?
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A. 40 million today

B. None of these

C. 60 million

D. 57 million
800. Perspective means____________?
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A. A working set of assumptions

B. an approach

C. both a & b

D. None of these