sociology Mcqs
152. The first step in scientific method is________________?
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A. Recollection

B. Observation

C. Addition to already experimented material

D. None of these

154. Which of the following is not part of karl Marx,s theory of capitalism ?
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A. class conflict is inevitable in capitalist societies

B. industrial workers are the revolutionary class

C. class struggle only occurs under capitalism

D. capitalist production exploits the working class

155. Sociology________________?
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A. has little bearing on public policy

B. Is the scientific study of social interaction and organization?

C. has been to study social interaction for over 500 years.

D. is most useful when applied to abstract -as opposed to practical matters

156. According to Scott (1990) a document is authentic if it________________?
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A. is a sincere and accurate account free from political bias

B. is representative of all the similar documents that did not survive

C. has both a literal and an interpretable meaning

D. is a sound original, or reliable copy of known authorship
157. Sociologists________________?
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A. should obtain informed consent in cases where subjects may be exposed to risks of research that are greater than the risks of everyday life

B. are exempt from the considerations of research ethics that govern biological researchers

C. have not been able to agree on a code of ethics

D. enjoy the same privileges as attorneys in protecting subjects privacy

158. A mean, median and mode are all examples of_______________?
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A. measures of correlation

B. measures of enumeration

C. measures of coefficients

D. measures of variation

E. measures of central tendency
160. It is useful to have a diversity of theories in sociology because________________?
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A. It removes the need to assess a theory according to the empirical evidence

B. human behavior is so complicated that no single theory would be adequate

C. sociologists can choose the theory that best fits the data they have collected

D. innumerable theories have been developed in the many fields of sociology

161. When in sociology we speak of researchers using controls, we mean_______________?
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A. seeking to manipulate the outcomes of a research process

B. holding some variables constant to look at the effects of others

C. supervising the data collection process as closely as possible

D. being as precise as possible in defining an initial hypothesis

162. Weber said that the spirit of capitalism could be traced back to_______________?
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A. new religious movements who rejected traditional forms of labor

B. the movement towards religious pluralism

C. Calvinists who engaged in ascetic practices to gain signs of salvation

D. inspirational Protestant groups who revived religious ideas

164. According to Marx Capitalism replaced feudalism and itself will be displaced by_____________?
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A. Feudalism

B. communism

C. Economic equalitarianism

D. None of these

165. Laud Humphreys study Tearoom Trade (1970) is an example of______________?
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A. experimental design

B. participant observation

C. survey research

D. historical research

166. Observation______________?
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A. is one of the easiest tools for sociological inquiry because it requires only good note taking

B. requires the involvement of the researcher in the activity being studied

C. is not subject to the same controls that are applied to other methods

D. may be unobtrusive or participant
169. Which of these terms is the odd one out ______________?
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A. connection

B. causation

C. association

D. correlation

170. Which one of the following is a strategy for restorative justice ?
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A. electronic tagging

B. imprisonment

C. community service

D. curfews

171. Ibne Khaldun is best known for______________?
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A. Muzakira

B. Muqaddimah

C. None of these

D. Muamlla

172. Which of the following is not a reason why corporate crime is more difficult to prosecute compared with individual crimes ?
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A. victims may not realise that a crime has been committed

B. it is more difficult to apportion blame to corporate criminals

C. corporate offences cause less harm than crimes against an individual

D. legal systems are founded on individual not collective responsibility

173. The major advantage of interviews is________________?
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A. the response rate is high

B. that people are more likely to be honest

C. they are not time consuming

D. the interviewer can guess the age of the respondent

E. that the researcher can ask more detailed s

174. Of all of the steps in the research process the one that typically takes the most time is_____________?
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A. data collection

B. evaluation of the results

C. selecting a research method

D. developing a hypothesis

E. formulating the problem
175. What is applied social research _________________?
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A. research based on government priorities

B. research that aims to intervene in and improve social life

C. research that tries to contribute to the development of theory

D. research that is always multidisciplinary

178. The first step in any sociological research project is to_____________?
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A. collect data

B. formulate a hypothesis

C. define the problem

D. review previous research

179. _____________ uses multiple data collection methods on the same area of interest?
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A. Variation

B. Ethnography

C. Cluster sampling

D. Field research

E. Triangulation
180. Lombroso claimed that______________?
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A. women were less likely to be arrested than men

B. no act is intrinsically deviant

C. biological failings drove some people into crime

D. criminals were socialized into an underworld of crime

181. Comte believed that society developed in______________?
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A. two stages

B. None of these

C. three stages

D. four stages

183. Social norms are_____________?
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A. religious beliefs about how the world ought to be

B. the symbolic representation of social groups in the mass media

C. creative activities such as gardening cookery and craftwork

D. rules and expectation about interaction that regulate social life
185. What does Berger (1963) describe as a metaphor for social reality ?
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A. a ballet

B. a puppet theatre

C. a fairground rides

D. a circus

186. Which of these is not an ethical issue for researchers ?
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A. safe storage of the raw data collected in the process

B. protecting the anonymity of participants

C. assessing the potential risks for research subjects

D. selecting a relevant theoretical perspective
189. According to feminists an androcentric bias in research is the direct result of______________?
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A. women not being objective

B. assuming that men and women are the same

C. a lack of female researchers

D. using males as the accepted norm

E. the funding of certain projects

190. Which one of the following is NOT associated with the materialist conception of history ?
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A. the history of class struggle

B. the spirit of capitalism

C. the mode of production

D. the motor of history

191. What does the functionalist perspective see as crucial for the maintenance of social order ?
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A. a strong state

B. moral consensus

C. strong class-based identities

D. multiculturalism

192. Which of these is not a concept associated with Left Realist explanations of criminal subcultures ?
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A. individual pathology

B. social exclusion

C. political marginalization

D. relative deprivation

195. A university that serves as a meeting ground for people seeking marital partners is performing______________?
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A. a dysfunction

B. a manifest function

C. a latent function

D. a manifest dysfunction

196. Collecting information regarding crime control from several countries would be a good example of a(n)_________________?
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A. ethnography

B. content analysis

C. an international approach

D. field research

E. comparative approach
198. Sociologists believe that no behavior is____________?
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A. Completely irrelevant

B. inherently deviant

C. totally in keeping with tradition

D. Without a deal of grate variation

E. Without a corresponding judgment

199. The Muqaddimah is an early Muslim view of______________?
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A. society

B. universal History

C. all of above

D. social Change

200. Society cannot be studied in the same way as the natural world because_____________?
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A. human behavior is meaningful and varies between individuals and cultures

B. it is difficult for sociologists to gain access to a research laboratory

C. we cannot collect empirical data about social life

D. sociologists are not rational or critical enough in their approach