sociology Mcqs
1501. Which sociological perspective would be especially interested in studying how people communicate with other and develop relationships through MUDS (multi-user)?
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A. interactionist perspective

B. labeling theory

C. functionalist perspective

D. conflict perspective

1502. Which concept has the work of Robert Putnam helped to popularize in the social sciences ?
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A. symbolic capital

B. social capital

C. economic capital

D. cultural capital

1503. Mertons term for the hidden or forgotten reason for a particular behavior was_____________?
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A. structural function

B. latent function

C. middle-range function

D. consumption function

1504. Which equation can be used to represent amalgamation ?
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A. A+B+C=A+B+C

B. A+B+C=A

C. A+B+C=A+B+D

D. A+B+C=D
1505. Broad socialization is intended to promote_____________?
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A. Independence and self-expression

B. Obedience and Conformity

C. both a and b

D. None of these

1506. The sequence of Rostows stages of economic growth are_____________?
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A. traditional drive to maturity high mass consumption take-off

B. traditional take-off drive to maturity high mass consumption

C. traditional state intervention high mass consumption take-off

D. traditional dependency modernization take-off

1507. Of the two types of religious organizations that have a negative relationship with society which one accepts pluralistic legitimacy ?
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A. a cult

B. a denomination

C. a sect

D. a church

1508. The Frankfurt School built upon the work of Marx but the importance of which of the following did its members argue that he under emphasized ?
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A. economics

B. culture

C. globalization

D. work

1509. Which of these is a feature of the Japanese style of management arrangements ?
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A. merging of work and private lives

B. job security

C. all of the above

D. group-oriented production

1510. Abstract sediments are________________?
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A. are compellers of action

B. None of these

C. closer to the center of the self than the moral rules

D. provide a focus for allegiance

1511. A child learns behaviors values and actions from his family It is_______________?
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A. Secondary

B. Primary socialization

C. Developmental

D. None of these

1512. An ecclesia is___________________?
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A. a religious organization that claims total spiritual authority over its members

B. a hierarchy of priests or other spiritual leaders

C. a sect or cult with a very small following

D. a church organized around voluntary rather than compulsory membership

1513. The systematic widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity such as factories and plants are called ?
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A. downsizing

B. post industrialization

C. deindustrialization

D. banana time

1514. One purpose of education is to help students acquire the skills they need to be successful in society This is an example of a(n) ?
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A. constructed reality

B. entrenched function

C. latent function

D. manifest function
1515. Which is the oldest of the world religions being at least 6,000 years old ?
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A. Hinduism

B. Islam

C. Buddhism

D. Confucianism

1516. According to lllich which one of the following is NOT transmitted through the hidden curriculum ?
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A. hierarchy

B. curiosity

C. passivity

D. conformity

1517. Ayub Government brought ____ in 1950s and 60s which changed agricultural infrastructure to greater extent ?
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A. agricultural reforms

B. Green Revolution

C. Both a and b

D. None of these

1518. The principle of laissez-faire was expounded and endorsed by the British economist ?
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A. Arthur Scargill

B. Paul Samuelson

C. John Maynard Keynes

D. Adam Smith
1519. Which model of migration admits immigrants to a country on a temporary basis often for economic reasons without giving citizenship rights ?
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A. guest worker

B. classic

C. colonial

D. illegal

1520. In which of these regions is public education expenditure lowest?
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A. North America and Western Europe

B. Arab States

C. Central Asia

D. Latin America and the Caribbean

1521. De Gournay coined the phrase an illness of bureau mania to describe ?
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A. the chaos of informal organizations

B. politicians abuse of power and influence

C. the developing power of officials

D. the compulsion to work in offices

1522. Which sociological perspective points out that while pure monopolies are not a basic element of the economy of the United States competition is much more restricted than one might expect in what is called a free enterprise system ?
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A. conflict perspective

B. labeling theory

C. interactionist perspective

D. functionalist perspective

1523. Research indicates that effective schools______________?
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A. foster the expectation that order will prevail in the classroom

B. foster an atmosphere in which students are carefully monitored to ensure that they meet their obligations

C. leave discipline up to the individual teacher

D. emphasize the whole student over academic concerns

1524. The term informal economy is used to describe ?
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A. the activities of small businesses

B. organizations with less rigid rules and procedures

C. work where no money changes hands

D. transactions outside the sphere of regular employment
1525. The decentralized city can be identified by______________?
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A. the degendering of public space as women use local facilities more

B. the shift of employment and services away from the inner city towards multiple centers in smaller towns and rural areas

C. all of the above

D. gentrification the movement of middle-class people back into the inner city

1526. Prejudice_______________?
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A. is a feeling a minority individual has toward his or her own minority?

B. is an attitude of aversion and hostility toward the members of a group simply because they belong it

C. refers to hostile behaviors exhibited by someone who has been offended by a member of a group

D. cannot not exist in someone who does not discriminate

1527. In pre-Communist China the aged were______________?
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A. Authority figures

B. None of these

C. Honored but restrained

D. Retired in isolation

1528. In modern societies social status is typically measured by a person_____________?
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A. income

B. age

C. verbal fluency

D. occupation
1529. Socialization is a life process generally divided into two parts primary and secondary socialization Primary refers to_____________?
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A. None of these

B. Socialization in early life, as a child

C. Socialization at home

D. Socialization at primary school level

1530. Which of the following is not likely to explain differences in exclusion rates from school between pupils from different social class and ethnic backgrounds ?
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A. institutional racism

B. ethnocentrism

C. anomie

D. privatization
1531. Education is undergoing a transformation in which the boundary between schooling and the outside world is breaking down allowing for workplace education beyond the confines of the classroom and at many different times How is this broad change usually described ?
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A. de-schooling

B. lifelong learning

C. e-learning

D. extended education

1532. Which one of these is NOT a version of the sick role as identified by Friedson ?
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A. conditional

B. unconditionally legitimate

C. modified legitimate

D. illegitimate

1533. Harry Harlow conducted study of______________?
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A. nature versus nurture that focused on sociobiology

B. Nell and the impact of social isolation on the socialization process

C. Isabelle and the impact of social isolation on the socialization process

D. rhesus monkeys that had been raised away from their mothers
1534. A form of learning in which the consequences of behavior determine the probability of its future occurrence is called______________?
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A. egocentric bias

B. reflexive behavior

C. personal efficacy

D. conditioning
1535. A persons self-esteem low or high -is mainly a function of________________?
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A. introspective rejuvenation

B. none of the above

C. social comparisons

D. self-ethnography

1536. The main agent in primary socialization is______________?
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A. peer group

B. television

C. school

D. family
1537. According to Durkheim religion separates objects and symbols into the sacred and which of the following ?
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A. the profane

B. the profitable

C. the profuse

D. the profound

1538. The major development task(s) in middle adulthood include(s)________________?
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A. sex

B. socialization

C. love and work

D. preparation for death

1539. The socially defined expectations that a person in given status follows are called___________________?
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A. a performance

B. a position

C. an impression

D. a role
1540. The decentralized city can be identified by____________?
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A. the shift of employment and services away from the inner city towards multiple centers in smaller towns and rural areas

B. gentrification the movement of middle-class people back into the inner city

C. all of the above

D. the degendering of public space as women use local facilities more

1541. Symbolic racism_____________?
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A. is a reflection of whites concern that further reductions in racial inequality will result in loss of the special status that whites in the United States have enjoyed over the years

B. can also be termed racial reconciliation

C. has no impact on whites racial policy attitudes

D. is the same as traditional racial prejudice

1542. In the process of social change new traits appear through_____________?
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A. discovery

B. invention

C. All of the above

D. diffusion

1543. While a role is the behavior expected of one in a particular status role behavior is_____________?
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A. None of these

B. Ascribed behavior

C. Supposed behavior

D. Actual behavior
1544. Approximately what percentage of the global population currently lives outside their country of birth ?
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A. 3%

B. 40%

C. 25%

D. 15%

1545. What is defined as the cultural practices and outlooks of a given community of people that set them apart from others ?
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A. racism

B. ethnicity

C. identity

D. stereotyping

1546. The interaction between physician and patient ?
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A. is rooted in a tradition of equality

B. is governed by the patient who manages the direction of the discussion

C. may be evolving into a new type of relationship based on consumerism

D. is based on the physician ability to reduce the competence gap between the physician and patient

1547. Which of the following is NOT one of the ethical religions ?
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A. Buddhism

B. Confucianism

C. Taoism

D. Hinduism
1548. The new racism refers to______________?
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A. an anti-fascist movement which challenges nationalist politics

B. a post-modern deconstruction of racist ideas to reveal their lack of depth

C. a subtler form of prejudice masked by nationalist pride

D. racist practices found in newly emerging areas of social life such as cyberspace

1549. Which of the following can be classified as a charismatic leader ?
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A. all of the above

B. Adolf Hitler

C. Joan of Arc

D. Malcolm X

1550. In past Pakistanis population had relatively ________ growth rate?
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A. Low

B. Medium

C. None of these

D. High