sociology Mcqs
851. Which of the following statements is not correct ?
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A. Negotiation is a cultural universal

B. Negotiation is a macro-level process that does not usually involve interactions between small groups such as families

C. Most elements of social structure are not static and are therefore subject to change through bargaining and exchanging (negotiation)

D. Sociologists use the term negotiated order to underscore the fact that social order is continually being constructed and altered through negotiation

852. Marx saw conflict between ________ as the primary source of social change ?
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A. nations

B. ethnic groups

C. religions

D. classes
853. _____________ is the term commonly used to describe the early days of a social movement characterized by a general mood of discontent ?
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A. Decline

B. Incipience

C. Coalescence

D. Arousal

E. Bureaucratization

854. Which of the following is NOT one of the seven characteristics of Weber,s ideal type of bureaucracy ?
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A. pyramidal hierarchy of authority

B. written record of decisions rules procedures and activities

C. qualifications based on whom you know

D. clear-cut division of labor

855. Social mobility is______________?
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A. from lower to higher

B. In both directions

C. from higher to lower

D. None of these

856. Merton describes types of response to a situation where there are widely socially endorsed values but limited means of achieving them Which of his types describes an acceptance of the values but willingness to use any means to achieve them ?
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A. innovators

B. ritualists

C. conformists

D. retreatists

857. Secondary groups are______________?
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A. formal

B. Impersonal

C. both a & b

D. None of these

858. The price paid for increased mobility includes a decrease in__________?
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A. Loyalty to superior

B. Personal Responsibility

C. None of these

D. Conformity
859. The groups in which we come to know people intimately as individual personalities are called______________?
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A. Primary groups

B. Tertiary groups

C. Secondary groups

D. None of these

860. Which sociologist writing in 1906 noted that individuals make distinctions between members of their own group (thein-group) and everyone else (the out-group) ?
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A. William I. Thomas

B. Emile Durkheim

C. Charles Horton Cooley

D. William Graham Sumner
861. A system of stratification where positions are partly achieved, and mobility is common is one based on_____________?
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A. caste

B. slavery

C. status

D. class
862. Which term describes societies where the family name and the inheritance of property passes down the male line ?
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A. patrilineal

B. matrilineal

C. homolineal

D. androlineal

863. Who wrote The Metropolis and Mental Life (1903) ?
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A. Louise Wirth

B. Max Weber

C. Georg Simmel

D. Robert Park

864. Rate of mobility in modern societies is determined by (1) structural factor and (2) ?
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A. None of these

B. Social factors

C. Individual factors

D. Class factor

865. The term terrorism has its origins in_____________?
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A. Nazi Germany

B. the English Civil War

C. Revolutionary France

D. the Roman Empire

866. Diffusion is a _______ way process?
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A. one

B. None of these

C. three

D. two
867. Nineteenth-century theories of social change reflect the pioneering work in biological evolution done by ____________?
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A. Albert Einstein

B. Benjamin Franklin

C. Harriet Martineau

D. Charles Darwin
868. You are a student at XYZ College and You have your sociology and history final exams on the same morning Your know that preparing for both exams at the same time is going to lead to lower grades in one or both of the exams The conflict that you are experiencing as you try to fulfill both of your responsibilities at the college is an example of_________________?
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A. role conflict

B. role exit

C. role dissonance

D. role strain
869. Change is nearly always____________?
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A. Ineffective

B. Costly

C. None of these

D. Priceless

870. All civilizations are in an endless cycle of three cultural systems this theory was presented by_____________?
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A. Oswald Spengler

B. Pitirim Sorokin

C. Arnold Toynbee

D. None of these

871. The essential function of punishment in society is_______________?
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A. None of these

B. reform

C. affirmation of moral standards

D. revenge

872. Which of these is a front region of social life ?
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A. a football ground dressing room

B. a clothing store payment counter

C. a restaurant kitchen

D. a nightclub toilet

873. ________ usually last longer are better organized more goal-oriented and have a longer lasting impact than fads or crazes ?
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A. Conventions

B. Protests

C. Social movements

D. Hysterias

E. Developments

874. White-collar and corporate crimes______________?
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A. usually result in severe punishment for those who are caught

B. are committed by relatively affluent people often in the course of business activities

C. are not very costly compared to the dollar cost of other crimes

D. are crimes the average person is less likely to experience than street crime

875. White-collar crime is low in visibility because______________?
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A. the police turn a blind eye to corporate crime

B. it involves only small amounts of money

C. it goes undetected in the context of everyday business transactions

D. the proletariat can outsmart the bourgeoisie

876. Which of the following is NOT part of the criminal justice system ?
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A. military

B. police

C. courts

D. prisons

877. The four principles of McDonaldization are________________?
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A. efficiency Big Mac large fries milkshake

B. efficiency calculability affordability consistent decor

C. efficiency dehumanization automation high calories

D. efficiency calculability uniformity automation
878. Deviant is an agent of___________?
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A. None of these

B. neutrality

C. no change

D. Change
879. Lombroso claimed that_____________?
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A. criminals were socialized underworld of crime

B. biological failings drove some people into crime

C. women were less likely to be arrested than men

D. no act is intrinsically deviant

880. Which of the following is an achieved status ?
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A. Native American

B. bank robber

C. senior citizen

D. member of the female sex

881. The socially defined expectations that a person in a given status follows are called______________?
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A. an impression

B. a role

C. a position

D. a performance

882. Which of the following is NOT a function of a primary group ?
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A. social control

B. accomplishing a specific practical purpose

C. socialization

D. meeting important personal needs

883. What term describes ties between individuals established through marriage or blood ?
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A. kinship

B. family

C. tribe

D. network

884. Dahrendorf Rex and Habermas focused their attention on_____________?
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A. social solidarity and cohesion

B. womens experiences and gendered knowledge

C. power domination and conflict

D. the interpretive understanding of action

885. The feeling of aimlessness or despair often associated with unsettling conditions is_____________?
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A. alienation

B. ascription

C. anomie

D. amorality

886. __________ are the alterations over time in social structures culture and behavioral patterns ?
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A. Social movements

B. Reformist movements

C. Social changes

D. Collective behaviors

E. Modernization movements

887. Europeans gave firearms whiskey and small pox to India in exchange of corn potatoes tobacco This is an example of_____________?
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A. None of these

B. Imperialism

C. cultural Exchange

D. Diffusion
888. Cultural lag________________?
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A. occurs when the dominant group forces change upon the subordinate group which lags behind

B. is the adjustment gap between material and nonmaterial culture?

C. refers to new forms of social disintegration

D. is societys way of avoiding the social problems that ensue from social change

889. Which sociologist saw that the definition of the situation could mold the thinking and personality of the individual ?
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A. Philip Zimbardo

B. William I. Thomas

C. Erving Goggman

D. Herbert Blumer

890. What approach focuses on the ever-changing relationship over time between social movements and macro-level economic and political systems ?
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A. Globalization

B. Postmodernism

C. Counter-modernization

D. Political Process

E. Linear Evolutionary

891. Which approach holds that deviance is not a feature of a group or individual a process of interaction through which one group becomes defined as deviant ?
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A. labelling theory

B. functionalist theory

C. flict theory

D. control theory

892. Geme in schaftrefers to a social system in which most relationships are _______________?
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A. Personal or traditional

B. None of these

C. Impersonal

D. Organizational

893. Technological forms of surveillance have made it easier to_____________?
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A. access and exchange private information about consumers

B. monitor employees activities at work

C. all of the above

D. reduce prison overcrowding by the use of electronic tagging

894. To a major degree the study of deviant behavior is the study of________________?
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A. abnormal behavior

B. Social problem

C. None of these

D. Criminal behavior
895. _________ is a model whereby public funds are extensively used to promote economic development?
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A. Neo-democracy

B. A welfare states

C. A liberation government

D. Democracy

E. State capitalism
896. Invention can be further divided into material inventions and social inventions democratic government is an example of____________?
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A. material invention

B. Social Invention

C. both of these

D. None of these

897. Oops! is an example of______________?
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A. a response cry

B. netiquette

C. interactional vandalism

D. civil inattention

898. What theory of social movement development currently dominates academic though ?
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A. Contagion

B. Conflict

C. Resource Development

D. Linear Evolutionary

E. Frame Alignment

899. Spread of cultural traits from group to group is called______________?
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A. None of these

B. diffusion

C. Cultural contacts

D. Intercultural harmony

900. The term inter-generational mobility refers to______________?
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A. movement into a different occupational category over a persons lifetime

B. movement into a higher occupational category

C. movement into different occupational categories between generations

D. movement into an occupation that generates a lower income