psychology Mcqs
351. The process in which your eyes adjust from darkness to bright light is called _______________?
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A. coding of light intensity patterns

B. dark adaptation

C. light adaptation

D. coding of contrast

352. Which of the following sensory systems involves the ganglion cells and the ciliary muscles?
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A. Cutaneous

B. Visual

C. Olfactory

D. Auditory

353. The repeated presentation of the CS without the UCS results in __________________?
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A. higher-order conditioning

B. extinction

C. inhibition

D. spontaneous recovery

354. The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the _______________?
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A. lens

B. Coptic nerve

C. retina

D. iris
355. The rationalist approach of Chomsky in explaining language development is also referred to as _______________?
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A. empiricist

B. culture-bound

C. cognitive

D. nativist
356. Which theory of gender-typing suggests that people understand and classify their own behavior and personality traits in terms of masculine and feminine categories?
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A. social learning theory

B. evolutionary theory

C. gender schema theory

D. psychoanalytical theory

357. Studying to avoid bad grade is an example of __________________?
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A. punishment

B. negative reinforcement

C. escape

D. positive reinforcement

358. In Pavlovs experiments, the dogs salivation triggered by the taste of food was a/an __________________?
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A. unconditioned stimulus

B. conditioned stimulus

C. unconditioned response

D. conditioned response

359. The process of detecting, translating and transmitting messages from the external environment to the brain is called _____________?
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A. selective attention

B. perception

C. sensation

D. adaptation

360. The rectangular table appears rectangular regardless of the distance or angle at which it is viewed. This is an example of _______________?
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A. brightness constancy

B. None of these

C. size constancy

D. shape constancy
361. Which one of the following is based on the principles of classical conditioning?
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A. token economies

B. systematic decentralization

C. differential reinforcement

D. contingency management

362. Which of the following would pay a role in quickly alerting you to a gas leak in your home?
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A. bipolar cells

B. basilar membrane

C. vestibular sacs

D. olfactory receptors
363. If characteristic requires only one gene to show itself that characteristic is considered _______________?
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A. co-dominant

B. dominant

C. incompletely dominant

D. recessive

364. The phenomenon that refers to the ways in which an individuals expectations influence perception is called _______________?
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A. perceptual set

B. convergence

C. retinal disparity

D. visual capture

365. Noam Chomsky posited that humans have a unique, inborn ability to understand the structure of language and to apply this to language learning. Chomsky called this the _______________?
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A. innate capability index

B. innate surface structure ability

C. language acquisition device

D. prosody index

366. In the Stroop effect, we may be asked to remember the word blue when the color of the word itself actually was yellow. Our response tendencies demonstrate _______________?
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A. loci

B. chaining

C. automatization

D. transduction

367. The two members of a gene pair are called _________________?
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A. alleles

B. dominant genes

C. clones

D. zygotes

368. What most accurately defines the function of middle ear?
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A. sound-wave amplification

B. formation of neural impulse

C. transmission to the brain

D. sound collection

369. Erik Erikson suggested that children with a very secure attachment to their parents are especially likely to experience ________________?
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A. stranger anxiety

B. basic trust

C. egocentrism

D. object permanence

370. The process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired behavior is called ___________________?
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A. modeling

B. partial reinforcement

C. secondary reinforcement

D. shaping
371. The theory that challenged Helmholtzs theory of color vision is _______________?
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A. opponent-process theory

B. frequency theory

C. trichromatic theory

D. isomorphism

372. This is not a law of perceptual organization _________________?
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A. continuity

B. simplicity

C. closure

D. proximity

373. Studying to avoid bad grade is an example of ___________________?
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A. negative reinforcement

B. positive reinforcement

C. punishment

D. escape

374. Bold words in a textbook is an example of __________________?
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A. a stimulus factor in motivation

B. a personal factor in perception

C. a Gestalt principle of perception

D. a stimulus factor in perception
375. The tendency to organize stimuli into smooth, uninterrupted patterns is called _________________?
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A. continuity

B. similarity

C. proximity

D. closure

376. The perceptual processes that make use of preexisting knowledge to interpret new information are called _______________?
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A. top-down processes

B. sensory processes

C. bottom-up processes

D. parallel processes

377. 1039. Myopia, or near sightedness is caused by _______________?
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A. a malfunction of the lens of the eye

B. an elongated eyeball

C. a cloudy cornea

D. an eyeball that has become shortened

378. The fact that a pinpoint down the railroad track is perceived by a person as a diesel engine is an example of ________________?
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A. continuity

B. size constancy

C. closure

D. motion parallax

379. Which of the following types of learning cannot be directly observed?
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A. verbal learning

B. response learning

C. operant conditioning

D. perceptual learning
380. As a person views picture one way, he sees craters. When he turns it 180 degrees, the craters become bumps, the perceptual phenomena are due to _______________?
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A. relative position

B. convergence

C. light and shadow

D. linear perspective

381. Which of the following is a binocular cue for the perception of distance?
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A. closure

B. linear perspective

C. interposition

D. convergence
382. According to Piaget from 2 to 7 years of age, language is developed slowly and gradually, this stage is called _______________?
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A. egocentric thought

B. formal stage

C. preoperational stage

D. sensorimotor stage

383. The perception of an object as distinct from its surroundings is called ________________?
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A. figure-ground perception

B. interposition

C. selective attention

D. perceptual set

384. When we look at a distant object, we usually judge its size by ___________________?
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A. perspective size

B. retinal size

C. object size

D. a compromise between object size and perspective size
385. A Gestalt is best described as a/an ________________?
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A. organized whole

B. interposition

C. binocular cue

D. perceptual adaptation

386. A student who has never studied decides to try it and is delighted to receive a B on the exam rather than the usual D. The student starts studying more regularly as a result of __________________?
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A. classical conditioning

B. b and c

C. positive reinforcement

D. habituation

387. The fovea and the blind spot are both features of the ________________?
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A. cornea

B. pupil

C. lens

D. retina
388. Gender identity refers to ___________________?
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A. how masculine a boy is or how feminine a girl is

B. the sense of being male or female

C. ones biological sex

D. the set of expected behaviors for males and for females

389. Experimental evidence indicates that the ability to judge the size of an unfamiliar object depends on _____________?
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A. depth cues

B. all of the above

C. time cues

D. motion cues

390. The sense that humans depend on more than the other four combined is ________________?
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A. audition

B. touch

C. taste

D. vision
391. It is easier to see a camouflaged animal when it moves than when it stays still. This illustrates the Gestalt principle of ______________?
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A. proximity

B. similarity

C. common movement

D. closure

392. The Ames room was specifically designed to test ________________?
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A. interposition

B. motion parallax

C. size constancy

D. shape constancy

393. Figure is to ground as ______________ is to?
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A. form, substance

B. summer, winter

C. moon, sky

D. up, down

394. Kim is trying to thread a needle, but the light is fairly dim. Due to the lack of light, the part of her eye that will help most in threading the needle is ________________?
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A. lens

B. cones

C. rods

D. cornea

395. In psychology the nature-nurture debate refers to the relative influences of __________________?
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A. paternal genes and maternal care

B. genotype and phenotype

C. genotype and karyotype

D. genes and environment
396. The most fundamental principle of perceptual organization is called ________________?
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A. consistency

B. law of closure

C. figure and ground

D. dark adaptation phenomenon

397. The gate-control theory of pain proposes that pain actually occurs _________________?
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A. in the brain

B. at the receptor cite

C. only under intense stimulus levels

D. only in the external receptors

398. Gestalt is a _____________ word that means organized whole?
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A. German

B. Latin

C. Spanish

D. French

399. The powerful survival impulse that leads human infants to seek closeness to their parents is called ___________________?
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A. attachment

B. imprinting

C. egocentrism

D. conservation

400. The area between the eardrum and the oval window is occupied by the _______________?
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A. cochlea

B. ossicles

C. round window

D. Organ of Corti