psychology Mcqs
301. You walk into a dark movie theater wearing a white shirt, and notice that the shirt now looks gray. However, you know that the shirt is still white because of _________________?
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A. size constancy

B. texture gradient

C. brightness constancy

D. linear perspective

302. Apraxia is characterized by an inability to _______________?
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A. organize movements in terms of purpose

B. do something when instructed verbally

C. make movements

D. both a and b
303. A child whose father has a beard and who uses the word daddy to refer to all men with beards is __________________?
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A. exhibiting weak attachment to the father

B. babbling

C. exhibiting developmental dysphasia

D. overextending the word
304. The type of learning that is unique for human is _________________?
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A. verbal learning

B. motor task learning

C. operant conditioning

D. classical conditioning

305. The best studied perceptual constancies include ________________?
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A. color, texture, content

B. brightness, focus, angle

C. shape, location, size

D. size, age, weight

306. Pinna is part of the _____________?
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A. outer ear

B. oval window

C. ossicles

D. cochlea

307. As we move, viewed objects cast changing shapes on our retinas, although we do not perceive the objects as changing. This is part of the phenomenon of ________________?
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A. relative motion

B. perceptual consistency

C. linear perspective

D. continuity

308. Similarity is to difference as generalization is to __________________?
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A. choices

B. distinction

C. discrimination

D. detectability

309. The Law of Effect is concerned with the effects of ______________________?
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A. activity states on behavior

B. internal drive states on behavior

C. hormones in behavior

D. rewards and punishment on behavior
310. Which of the senses foes the majority of hallucinations occur in?
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A. sight

B. smell

C. hearing

D. taste

311. Not a monocular cue for depth is _________________?
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A. convergence

B. linear perspective

C. relative size

D. interposition

312. Behavior therapists can help people to overcome such unwanted habits as smoking or overeating through _____________________?
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A. place learning

B. operant conditioning

C. habituation

D. observational learning

313. Perceptual phenomenon have been most prominently explored within ________________?
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A. gestalt

B. structuralism

C. behaviorism

D. functionalism

314. Prominent among monocular depth cues is ___________________?
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A. texture-density gradient

B. retinal disparity

C. retinal polarity

D. reciprocal innervations

315. The gestalt experience of perceiving an array of equally spaced dots as rows and columns is attributed to ________________?
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A. additive vision

B. wholistic functions

C. proximity

D. continuity

316. The largest sense organ of the body is/are the _______________?
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A. skin

B. eyes

C. ears

D. tongue

317. Semicircular canals are involved in which sense?
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A. auditory

B. vestibular

C. olfactory

D. kinesthetic

318. Which of the following abnormalities is most likely related to the mothers condition at the time of conception?
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A. oxygen deprivation during prenatal development

B. fetal alcohol syndrome

C. prenatal smoking

D. Downs syndrome
319. Which of the following reinforcement schedules in operant conditioning would be best to use if you want to produce behavior that is very resistant to extinction?
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A. fixed ratio

B. fixed interval

C. continuous

D. variable ratio
320. According to Wolfgang Kohler, when one of his chimps fastened two sticks together to reach a bunch of bananas, it was showing an evidence of _________________?
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A. trial-and-error learning

B. a fixed-action pattern

C. instinctual drift

D. insight
321. The depth cue that occurs when we watch stable objects at different distances as we are moving is __________________?
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A. relative clarity

B. relative motion

C. interposition

D. convergence

322. The muscle fibers of the iris can increase or decrease the amount of light entering the eye by expanding or contracting the ______________?
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A. fovea

B. pupil

C. cornea

D. lens

323. In our society, money is an example of a _________________?
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A. negative reinforce

B. simple operant

C. primary reinforce

D. secondary reinforce
324. You are standing in the middle of way, as you look far ahead, the tracks seem to come together in the distance. That illustrates ______________?
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A. linear perspective

B. convergence

C. similarity

D. interposition

325. Not among stimulus cues that can aid perception of depth is ___________________?
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A. light and shadow

B. convergence

C. linear perspective

D. texture

326. The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as _________________?
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A. feature detection

B. the opponent-process theory

C. the difference threshold

D. Webers law
327. Events that occur close together in space or time are generally perceived as belonging together. Gestalt psychologists refer to this as ________________?
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A. similarity

B. proximity

C. continuity

D. closure

328. The procedure in which only a portion of correct responses are reinforced is called ________________?
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A. observational learning

B. extinction

C. None of these

D. partial reinforcement
329. Each time you see your car, it projects a different image on the retina as of your eyes yet you do not perceive it as changing. This is because of ________________?
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A. convergence

B. retinal disparity

C. perceptual constancy

D. perceptual set

330. For classical conditioning, it is essential that ___________________?
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A. the CS be originally neutral

B. the UCS be originally neutral

C. the subject be informed of desired outcome in advance

D. the UCS be inherently rewarding

331. Gibsons theory of motion perception centers primarily on the _______________?
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A. shape constancy

B. relation of moving object to immobile background

C. stroboscopic effect

D. relation to phi-phenomenon to immobile background

332. Which of the following is not one of the Gestalt principles of grouping?
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A. similarity

B. proximity

C. contrast

D. closure

333. _________________ involves observing and imitating the behavior of others?
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A. shaping

B. modeling

C. observing

D. praising

334. An elderly person who can look back on life with satisfaction and reminisce with a sense of completion has attained Eriksons stage of ________________?
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A. intimacy

B. integrity

C. generativity

D. isolation

335. The fact that hues at the short-wave end of the color spectrum appear bright at nightfall is a function of ______________?
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A. Purkinje effect

B. Zeigarnik effect

C. light adaptation

D. Young-Helmholtz effect

336. Under which of the following reinforcement schedules is it most important for an organism to learn to estimate time accurately?
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A. fixed ratio

B. fixed interval

C. variable ratio

D. variable interval

337. The reinforcement schedule that yields the lowest performance is the __________________?
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A. verbal-interval-schedule

B. fixed-interval schedule

C. fixed-ration schedule

D. variable-interval schedule

338. This is not an important factor in the acquisition of motor skills ________________?
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A. feedback

B. reflex action

C. distribution of practice

D. repetition

339. The major laws of perceptual organization were developed by the __________________?
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A. Transactionalist

B. Cognitivists

C. Phenomenologists

D. Gestaltists
340. One subject partially blocks your view of a second object and, therefore, the first object is seen as being closer to you than the second object. This is an example of ________________?
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A. good continuation

B. relative size

C. interposition

D. the Poggendroff illusion

341. Which of the following learning mechanism does B.F. Skinner see as being the major means by which behavior is learned?
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A. classical conditioning

B. operant conditioning

C. observational learning

D. insight learning

342. If you slowly bring your finger toward your face until it eventually touches your nose, eye-muscle cues called ________________ convey depth information to your brain?
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A. retinal disparity

B. interposition

C. convergence

D. continuity

343. According to Bandura and Walters, all of the following processes are involved in observational learning except __________________?
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A. attention process

B. reproduction process

C. chaining process

D. motivation process

344. A child who wins a game and gains peer approval is receiving _________________?
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A. primary reinforcement

B. secondary reinforcement

C. social reinforcement

D. both b and c
345. Continued improvement in the absence of further practice is known as _________________?
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A. recall

B. reminiscence

C. platikurtic

D. spontaneous recovery

346. Illusion means _____________?
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A. false sensation

B. wrong perception

C. false belief

D. both a and b

347. A police officer is a tense and possibly dangerous situation may see a hammer in a mans hand as a gun. This mistake could be attributed to the officers __________________?
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A. selective viewing

B. frame illusion

C. Stroop interference

D. perceptual set
348. Dichotic listening tasks are used to study _______________?
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A. selective attention

B. spontaneous recovery

C. echoic memory

D. good continuation

349. When we stare at an object, each eye receives slightly different image, providing a depth cue known as _____________?
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A. convergence

B. retinal disparity

C. relative motion

D. linear perspective

350. Of the following psychologists, who described the identity crisis as a major problem faced by the adolescent?
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A. Piaget

B. Horney

C. Freud

D. Erikson