psychology Mcqs
201. The amplitude of sound is measured in units called ________________?
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A. wavelengths

B. decibels

C. Hertz

D. frequencies

202. Which of the following is a normal consequence of growing old?
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A. severe memory loss

B. loss of speed of information processing

C. loss of vocabulary

D. eccentricity

203. The primaries in subtractive color mixing are _________________?
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A. green, yellow, red

B. blue, green, red

C. green, orange, red

D. blue, yellow, red
204. Which of the following constitutes monocular depth cues?
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A. linear perspective

B. all of the above

C. interposition

D. relative size

205. What would Gestalt psychologist say is reversing in a reversible figure, such as the vase-faces figure in your textbook?
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A. border and texture

B. figure-ground relations

C. perception of similarity

D. good continuation

206. The technology of biofeedback is based on the principle of _________________?
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A. backward conditioning

B. punishment

C. positive reinforcement

D. negative reinforcement

207. Piaget is best known for his interest in the process of _________________ development?
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A. social

B. motor

C. cognitive

D. emotional

208. Social learning theory was first proposed by ___________________?
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A. Bandura and Walters

B. J. B. Watson

C. Miller and Dollard

D. B. F. Skinner

209. If two objects are assumed to be the same size, the object that casts the smaller retinal image is perceived to be _______________?
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A. more distant

B. more coarsely textured

C. less hazy

D. closer

210. In listening to two conversations simultaneously, it is possible to attend to one and ignore the other if the differ in ______________?
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A. pragmatics

B. syntax

C. pitch

D. semantics

211. Perceptual constancies are primarily a function of _______________?
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A. reflex

B. instinct

C. learning

D. convergence

212. Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of light?
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A. feature detectors

B. cones

C. bipolar cells

D. rods

213. Differences in perception among species depends upon _____________?
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A. Habitual

B. receptor mechanism

C. complexity of nervous system

D. all of the above

214. The law of effect first formulated by ________________?
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A. Edward Thorndike

B. John Garcia

C. Edward Tolman

D. B. F. Skinner

215. Gestalt psychologists emphasized that ______________________?
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A. perception is the same as sensation

B. sensation has no effect on perception

C. the whole is more than the sum of its parts

D. we learn to perceive the world through experience

216. The nature/nurture controversy considers the degree to which traits and behaviors are determined by _______________?
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A. maturation or genes

B. life-span stability or change

C. continuity or stages

D. genes or experience
217. Convergence of the eyes is controlled primarily by ______________?
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A. muscles of iris

B. ciliary muscles of eye

C. curvature of lens

D. extrinsic muscles of the eye

218. All of the following are characteristics of light except _______________?
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A. photoreception

B. waves

C. photons

D. intensity

219. ______________is a physical property of sound?
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A. distance

B. loudness

C. frequency

D. timber

220. Half of line has arrows or fins pointing outward. The remaining half has arrows or fins pointing inward. The first half looks longer than the second half. This is the ______________ illusion?
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A. Muller-Lyer

B. Zollner

C. Wundt

D. Poggendroff

221. When there is a conflict between bits of information received by two or more senses, which sense tends to dominate the others?
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A. smell

B. touch

C. vision

D. hearing only

222. Two-point discrimination is assessed in the study of ____________________?
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A. visual acuity

B. auditory thresholds

C. cutaneous sensitivity

D. binocular depth perception

223. Distinguishing objects from what surrounds them refers to ________________?
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A. figure and ground

B. proximity

C. closure

D. distance

224. Historically, gestalt psychologists focused mainly on problems dealing with _______________?
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A. perception

B. learning

C. development

D. motivation

225. Movement illusions such as the moon-cloud illusion, in which the moon appears to race from cloud to cloud, illustrate the role in visual perception played by ______________?
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A. bottom-up processing

B. binocular disparity

C. a frame of reference

D. a linear perspective

226. You had a car crash, now all cars scare you, it is called ______________?
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A. discrimination

B. generalization

C. extinction

D. secondary reinforcement

227. Size constancy refers to our perception of an objects size as the same even though its image on the retina_____________ as the distance between us and the object _____________?
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A. increases, decreases

B. decreases, increases

C. a and b

D. decreases, decreases

228. The theory of Selective Attention was proposed by ______________?
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A. Broadbent

B. Lockhart and Craik

C. Bruner

D. Selfridge

229. The perception of depth and distance in a 3-dimensional space depends mostly on ________________?
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A. movement detectors

B. texture-density gradient

C. interposition

D. binocular vision
230. In negative reinforcement __________________________?
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A. an aversive stimulus is removed

B. a pleasing stimulus is removed

C. an aversive stimulus is administered

D. response learning is faster than escape training

231. As the individual continues his growth after birth, the neural cells in his brain _______________?
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A. change in their chemical composition

B. increase in number

C. both a and b

D. none of these

232. A string of lights is flashed in sequence. We perceive the situation as a light that moves along the string. This is a demonstration of _______________?
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A. location constancy

B. binocular disparity

C. brightness constancy

D. the phi phenomenon
233. Some of the fibers from each eye cross over to the opposite brain hemisphere at the ______________?
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A. fovea

B. optic nerve

C. blind spot

D. optic chiasma
234. In most social settings, the theory of social attraction of which one of the following appears most applicable?
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A. Webster

B. Finch

C. Newcomb

D. Winch

235. Webers law refers to ________________?
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A. reinforcement rate matching

B. sensory transduction

C. stimulus thresholds

D. the tricolor theory

236. Hermann von Helmholtz is, in part, famous for his theory of ________________?
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A. lateral inhibition

B. color vision

C. sensory transduction

D. color blindness
237. The little bumps visible on our tongue are _______________?
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A. papillae

B. axon

C. receptors

D. taste buds
238. Which of the following depth cues creates the impression of visual cliff?
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A. interposition

B. linear perspective

C. texture gradient

D. relative height

239. As we move, viewed objects cast changing shapes on our retinas, although we do not perceive the objects as changing. This is part of the phenomenon of _________________?
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A. relative motion

B. linear perspective

C. continuity

D. perceptual consistency
240. Gestaltists refer to the fact that we perceive smooth flowing forms more readily than discrete forms as ______________?
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A. symmetry

B. holistic perception

C. similarity

D. continuity
241. Choosing a marriage partner and deciding whether or not to have children may be related to Eriksons psychosocial stage of ______________?
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A. generativity vs. isolation

B. trust vs. mistrust

C. integrity vs. despair

D. intimacy vs. isolation
242. According to B.F. Skinner human behavior is controlled primarily by __________________?
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A. unconscious motives

B. external influences

C. emotions

D. biological predispositions

243. Kinesthesis involves _________________?
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A. the bones of the middle ear

B. information from the muscles, tendons and joints

C. the bodys sense of balance

D. membranes within cochlea

244. By which of the following properties of near and distant objects does motion parallax enable a person to judge distance?
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A. None of these

B. texture gradient

C. relative movement

D. relative closure

245. This does not increase the probability of a particular response occurring _________________?
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A. positive reinforcement

B. negative reinforcement

C. punishment

D. shaping

246. Which of the following leads to a decrease in the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future?
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A. shaping

B. positive reinforcement

C. continuous reinforcement

D. omission training
247. In perceiving the distance a sound has traveled, a person depends heavily upon _________________?
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A. frequency

B. loudness and intensity

C. resonance

D. brightness and hue

248. You see a photograph showing a man, a woman and a car. The two people appear closer to you than the car does because they obscure part of it. This depth cue is called ______________?
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A. linear perspective

B. eye convergence

C. occlusion

D. relative image size of familiar objects

249. In Wolfgang Kohlers experiments, a chimp is put in a cage containing three boxes and a banana suspended high above the animals head. After first trying to jump up to reach the banana, the chimp looks around them then stacks the three boxes so it can climb up to the banana. This is an example of _____________?
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A. insight learning

B. shaping

C. latent learning

D. trial and error

250. The theory of color vision based on the idea that we possess three distinct receptor areas for the three primary colors of light is the ________________?
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A. opponent process theory

B. primary color theory

C. trichromatic theory

D. signal detection theory