psychology Mcqs
151. The word meanings and other general knowledge stored in a persons memory are considered ________________ information?
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A. semantic

B. pre-attentive

C. episodic

D. procedural

152. Musa is attractive and assertive. He arrives at work on time each day, and never complains. When his coworkers are asked to assess Musas intelligence, they consistently rate him much higher than his scores on intelligence test. This is an example of _____________________?
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A. the fundamental attribution

B. the placebo effect

C. the mere exposure effect

D. the halo effect
153. A personal selection test that requires previous knowledge and mastery of a given body of materials, in effect is __________________?
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A. a test of creativity

B. an aptitude test

C. an intelligence test

D. an achievement test
154. A stationary point of light when viewed in an otherwise totally dark room appears to move. This is an example of ________________?
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A. binocular disparity

B. apparent motion

C. induced motion

D. the autokinetic effect
155. One of the earliest and most important color vision theories was formulated by _________________?
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A. Rutherford and Young

B. Young and Helmholtz

C. Young and Helson

D. Meissner and Middleton

156. The taste buds on the tip of the tongue are most sensitive to ________________?
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A. sour tastes

B. salty tastes

C. sweet tastes

D. bitter tastes

157. A child in Piagets preoperational stage is given a toy and attempts to eat it. This child is demonstrating ____________?
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A. transition

B. accommodation

C. generalization

D. assimilation
158. Any process that increases the likelihood that a particular operant response will occur again is called ________________?
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A. punishment

B. reinforcement

C. chaining

D. discrimination

159. According to Piagets theory of cognitive development, middle childhood is characterized by ______________?
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A. egocentric thinking

B. deductive thinking

C. hypothetical reasoning

D. concrete operations
160. A person thinks that he sees a snake moving stealthily through the weeds on a distant field. As he gets closer, he discovers that it was only a dark piece of rope. This perceptual phenomenon is known as ________________?
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A. telekinesis

B. hallucinations

C. illusion

D. delusion

161. Who would be most concerned with the development of imagery and verbal systems in the infant, and how they are interwoven?
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A. Miller

B. Skinner

C. Brown

D. Bruner
162. The first systematic study of operant conditioning was performed in 1938 by _______________?
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A. E. L. Thorndike

B. B. F. Skinner

C. A. Bandura

D. I. Pavlov

163. Psychologists who study ESP are called _________________?
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A. levitators

B. parapsychologists

C. telepaths

D. clairvoyants

164. If illusion is a misperception of stimulus then hallucination is ___________________?
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A. auto-kinesis

B. accurate perception of an external stimulus

C. delusion

D. response in the absence of external stimulus
165. Which of the following types of learning cannot be directly observed?
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A. operant conditioning

B. perceptual learning

C. verbal learning

D. response learning

166. Two individuals who developed from one zygote are known as _________________?
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A. b and c

B. identical twins

C. homozygous twins

D. heterozygous twins

167. Gibson and Walk used a visual cliff experiment to study ______________?
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A. depth perception

B. feature detection

C. figure-ground discrimination

D. signal detection theory

168. The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus is called __________________?
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A. discrimination

B. generalization

C. acquisition

D. shaping

169. In closure, we tend to ______________________?
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A. prefer differential contours

B. complete figures that have a gap in them

C. associate the distal and proximal stimuli

D. view on the basis of texture gradient

170. Which of the following explains why cartoons are not perceived as a series of still frames?
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A. Motion parallax

B. Autokinetic effect

C. The Muller-Lyer illusion

D. the phi phenomenon
171. The part of the eye where vision is more acute is the ________________?
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A. cornea

B. iris

C. retina

D. fovea
172. Auditory sensations are transformed from air waves to nerve impulses by the _________________?
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A. round window

B. pinna

C. cochlea

D. vestibular system

173. The union of an egg and a sperm produces ________________?
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A. a clone

B. a phenotype

C. a zygote

D. an allele

174. Which of the following is not a Gestalt Law of Organization?
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A. proximity

B. closure

C. all of the above

D. continuation

175. The colored portion of the eye is called the ______________?
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A. lens

B. cornea

C. pupil

D. iris
176. Under which of the following reinforcement schedules is it most important for an organism to learn to estimate time accurately?
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A. fixed interval

B. fixed ratio

C. variable ratio

D. variable interval

177. Which parenting style usually produces children with greatest confidence and self-esteem?
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A. authoritative

B. permissive

C. Authoritarian

D. rejecting-neglecting

178. Stationary lights on a neon sign blink sequentially and appear to move. This appearance is called the ________________?
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A. Necker illusion

B. Ponzo illusion

C. phi-phenomenon

D. induced movement effect

179. What is not one of Gestalt Psychologys five laws of form perception?
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A. proximity

B. similarity

C. closure

D. relative size
180. A disorder called ___________ results when fluid pressure builds up inside the eye and causes damage to the optic nerve?
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A. glaucoma

B. prosopagnia

C. dyslexia

D. achromatospia

181. Experimental work in perception received its earliest beginnings with ________________?
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A. Weber

B. Kohler

C. Wertheimer

D. Koffka

182. The Law of Effect is concerned with the effects of _____________________?
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A. hormones in behavior

B. internal drive states on behavior

C. rewards and punishment on behavior

D. activity states on behavior

183. Motion pictures are based on _______________?
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A. the gamma phenomenon

B. the autokinetic illusion

C. stroboscopic motion

D. the principle of illusory circle

184. In which form of conditioning is the conditioned stimulus (CS) presented after the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) _______________?
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A. backward conditioning

B. forward conditioning

C. second order conditioning

D. higher order conditioning

185. The greatest concentration of cones occurs in the ________________?
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A. pupil

B. optic nerve

C. fovea

D. ganglion

186. Sound vibrations in the ear create neural impulses received in which of the following cortex locations?
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A. temporal lobe

B. parietal lobe

C. frontal lobe

D. occipital lobe

187. Which of the following is not associated with smoking during pregnancy?
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A. lower birth weight

B. mental retardation

C. visual defects

D. miscarriage

188. The opponent-process theory is to our sense of color as the gate-control theory is to our sense of ____________?
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A. pain

B. touch

C. smell

D. kinesthesia

189. The growth of facial hair in an adolescent male is an example of a ________________?
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A. primary sex characteristic

B. secondary sex characteristic

C. sex-linked trait

D. latent stage trait

190. The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the rods and cones, is the ______________?
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A. iris

B. retina

C. cornea

D. optic nerve

191. Starting at a red stimulus for a while leads to a green afterimage. This supports __________________?
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A. the duplicity theory

B. Wevers volley principle

C. Herings opponent process theory

D. Helmholtzs trichromatic theory

192. Who emphasized that social development continues throughout life, not just for the first 5 or 6 years?
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A. Sigmund Freud

B. Anna Freud

C. Jean Piaget

D. Erik Erikson
193. In Eriksons theory, the achievement of integrity is the primary task of ______________?
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A. middle adulthood

B. late adulthood

C. young adulthood

D. adolescence

194. What can occur if a person believes that a connection exists between an act and its consequences when there is no relationship between the two?
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A. shaping

B. none of these

C. classical conditioning

D. superstitious behavior
195. Another name for operant conditioning is ___________________?
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A. instinctive conditioning

B. latent conditioning

C. instrumental conditioning

D. social learning

196. Animal intelligence was a major work written by __________________?
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A. Watson

B. Thorndike

C. Hull

D. Skinner

197. The transduction of light energy into nerve impulses takes place in the _____________?
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A. optic nerve

B. iris

C. retina

D. lens

198. 30-year-old woman tells a friend that she doesnt want to marry because she is afraid of losing her freedom and independence. Erikson would say that she is having difficulty with the psychosocial task of ______________?
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A. intimacy vs. isolation

B. trust vs. mistrust

C. identity vs. role confusion

D. autonomy vs. doubt

199. The major structure of inner ear is ________________?
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A. basilar membrane

B. ear canal

C. anvil

D. ear drum

200. Receptor cells that are very sensitive to color are the _________________?
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A. rods

B. bipolar cells

C. ganglion cells

D. cones