soil science Mcqs
201. A and B horizon is called as_________?
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A. Solam

B. Inner core

C. None of the above

D. Regolith

202. Basalt is a __________ rock:
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A. fine-grained

B. Dark coloured

C. both A & B

D. None of the above

203. following are types of weathering:
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A. Geo chemical weathering

B. Judo weathering

C. Pedo chemical weathering

D. both a and c
204. A horizon of the soil is also designated:
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A. Eluvistal horizon

B. Illuviated horizon

C. Alluvial horizon

D. None of the above.
205. What is the concentration of pure water?
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A. 55.5 mol/L

B. 45.5 mol/L

C. Both a and b

D. none of these

206. What is the effect of application of P2O5 fertilizer to a green manure leguminous crop in the availability of phosphorus to the succeeding crop?
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A. It fixes the P2O5 through humus and reduces the availability..

B. Green manure increases the availability in organic from to the next crop

C. Greater amount of phosphorus is taken up and converted into organic form, which is released on decomposition of green matter

D. It does not affect the availability of phosphorous to succeeding crop
207. Which of the following are secondary minerals:
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A. Clay minerals

B. All of the above

C. Iron and aluminiumoxides

D. Amorphous silicates

208. The following types of check dams have been tried in Pakistan:
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A. Cement & stone check dams

B. Brushwood check dams

C. All of the above

D. Loose stone or wire-bound check dams

209. A set of soils with same parent material, topography, climate and biota but different age is called_________?
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A. Topography

B. Topo sequence

C. Catena

D. Chrono sequence
210. The relative abundance of three types of rocks ( igneous-metamorphic- sedimentary) in the earths crust is_________?
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A. 12.5 % -12.5 % 75%

B. 64.7 % 27.4 % 7.9 %

C. 7.9% 27.7 % 64.4

D. none of A & B

211. In land capability classification, class I-Iv are suitable for:_________?
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A. Suitable for grazing

B. Unsuitable for any agricultural use

C. Suitable for cultivated farming

D. Suitable for forestry

212. The indicator used for estimation of the soil available boron is_______?
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A. Azomethine-H

B. Phenolpthalein

C. Diphenyle

D. Mixed indicator

213. Organic (O) horizon is absent in_________?
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A. Non-arable soils

B. Histosols

C. Mollisols

D. Arable soils
214. _________is probably the most important growth limiting factor in acid soils especially those having pH below 5.0-5.5?
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A. Nitrogen

B. Potassium

C. Calcium

D. Aluminium
215. __________ particles range in diameter between 0.02 to 0.002 mm:
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A. None of the above

B. Sand

C. Clay

D. Silt
216. The term rhizosphere was coined by:___________?
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A. Winogrdsky

B. Hiltner

C. Baussingault

D. Liebig

217. Causes of Soil are:__________?
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A. All of these

B. Mismanagement of irrigation syste

C. Indiscriminate felling of trees

D. Over grazing

218. The marble is a__________?
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A. Thermo metamorphic

B. Not sure

C. Dynamo metamorphic

D. Hydro metamorphic

219. Phosphorus deficiency is widespread in most (_____%) 0f the soils of Pakistan.
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A. 32%

B. 68%

C. 54%

D. 90%

220. Granite and Basalt are examples of:___________?
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A. Stratified rocks

B. >None of the above

C. Aqueous rocks

D. Sedimentary Rocks

221. What is a soil horizon?
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A. All of these

B. Soil structure

C. Soil texture

D. Layers of soil
222. Roots usually occupy :__________?
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A. 1% or less of soil volume

B. 30% or less of soil volume

C. 10% or less of soil volume

D. 20% or less of soil volume

223. In low-rainfall areas, huge shifting sand dunes are commonly found, particularly near human habitations. Techniques of afforesting the shifting dunes needed to be implemented. These techniques consist of___________?
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A. Treatment of shifting sand-dunes by fixing barriers in parallel stripes or in a chess-board design, using the local shrub material starting from the crest of the dunes to protect the seedlings from burial or exposure by the blowing of sand.

B. Protection against biotic interference

C. Both a & b

D. None of these

224. Which element is known as chemical police man of plant?
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A. All of the above

B. Potassium

C. Phosphorus

D. Magnesium

225. _________ erosion is the removal of a thin layer of soil by water acting over the whole surface. This type of erosion damaged very fertile lands located on slopes, some of which have been eroded to a depth of about 15 cm.
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A. Stream bank erosion

B. Rain splash rill erosion

C. Sheet erosion

D. Gully erosion

226. 1 mg of H+ will be equal to_________?
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A. 12 mg of Mg2+

B. 20 mg of ca2+

C. 9 mg of Al3+

D. All of the above
227. Principles of soil conservation does not include:
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A. Construction of mini dams & ponds to store water for live stock & other porposes

B. Use non-arable lands effectively

C. Minimize run-off & store surplus water

D. Leave barren lands uncultivable to support desrtification degradation
228. Fe, Zn, Mn, Mo, Co, Ni, Cu, are also called __________:
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A. Micro elements

B. Trace elements

C. Both A & B

D. None of these

229. Availability of Zn is higher to crops in:_________?
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A. Sodic soils

B. Acid soils

C. Saline soils

D. Saline-sodic soils

230. Accumulation of Al and Fe oxides and clays coming from the upper profile layers:
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A. Zone of evaluation

B. Zone of eluviation

C. Zone of Illuviation

D. None of the above

231. Nitrosomonas and nitrobacter are together as called_____________?
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A. Nitrification

B. Nitrobacteria

C. Nitosomonas

D. Ammonification

232. The nutrient element silicon (Si) is:_________?
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A. Beneficial

B. Harmful

C. Both a and b

D. None of the above

233. A group of soils with same parent material but located at different positions of slope?
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A. Biosequence

B. Chronosequence

C. Cateena

D. Catena
234. Walkley and Blacks method of organic matter determination allows recovery of _____% organic carbon content:
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A. 54%

B. 62.50%

C. 34%

D. 74 %
235. The appropriate method to apply phosphatic fertilizers is__________?
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A. Top dressing

B. Broad casting

C. both A and B

D. Basal placement
236. The Tree sends down roots from its branches to the soil is known as:___________?
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A. Oak

B. Banyan

C. Palm

D. Pine

237. The resistance of a soil at various moisture contents to mechanical stresses or manipulations:
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A. Soil crusting

B. Soil consistence

C. Bulk Density

D. Both a & c

238. Which of the following fertilizers show maximum residual acidity with the continuous soil application:
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A. Ammonium sulphate

B. Ammonium nitrate

C. Calcium ammonium nitrate

D. Urea

239. The credit for identifying the essentality of nitrogen to plants goes to________?
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A. Shafiq Baloch at.el

B. Theodore-saussure

C. Dr.Muhammad Sharif

D. Sach and knoop

240. Previously Essential nutrients required for the growth of plants were sixteen. In recent time the essential nutrients required for the growth of plants are:_________?
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A. 18

B. 17

C. None of the above

D. 16

241. Most common rocks, after exposed to weathering which cover about ______% 0f the earth:
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A. Igneous rocks

B. metamorphic rocks

C. Shales

D. Sedimentary rocks
242. The tree sends down roots from its branches to the soil is know as:_______?
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A. Pine

B. Oak

C. Banyan

D. Palm

243. Which of the following is not a metamorphic rock?
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A. Marble

B. Granite

C. Sand stone

D. both A & B
244. Which of the following crops is most tolerant to salty soils?
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A. Carrot

B. Rice

C. Cotton

D. Corn

245. What is the formula of urea?
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A. None of these

B. NH<sub>2</sub>-CO-NH-CO-NH<sub>2</sub>

C. (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>

D. CO (NH2)2
246. The mineral component of soil consists of_________?
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A. Air

B. Water

C. both A and B

D. none of the above
247. Sustainable Technologies to Control Water-Logging:
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A. Planting of eucalyptus in water-logged areas.

B. Installation of tube-wells for irrigation and vertical drainage.

C. All of these

D. Planning and designing of future canals on proper lines.

248. A mineral horizon that is either too thin, too light in colour, too low in organic matter:
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A. Mollic epipedon

B. Ochric epipedon

C. Umbric epipedon

D. Melanic epipedon

249. Pedogenic processes bring about changes in the parent materials in the form of _____________________, within the soil body (soil profile)?
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A. Additions, losses

B. Transfers and transformations

C. both A and B

D. None of the above

250. Association of two microorganisms in which one is benefited while other remains unaffected is known as:________?
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A. Ammensalism

B. This statement is wrong

C. Commensalism

D. Competetion