soil science mcqs to prepare for nts,kppsc,fpsc,ppsc and more

soil science Mcqs

51. Soil additive which stabilizes the soil, improves resistance to erosion, increases to permeability to air & water, improves texture, eases cultivation or otherwise improves soil quality:
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A. Soil amendment

B. Soil conditioner

C. Both a & b

D. None of the above

52. In alkaline soil which form of phosphorus uptake by plants?
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A. Secondary orthophosphate

B. None of these

C. Primary orthophosphate

D. both

53. What happens when an saline-alkaline soil is reached with water:
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A. pH decrease, Ec increase

B. pH & Ec both increase

C. pH increase & Ec decrease

D. None of these

54. Ammonium sulfate fertilizer containing 21% N & 24% S, is best in top dressing in:_________?
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A. Rice

B. Barley

C. Date palm

D. None of these

55. Moderately toxic compound:_________?
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A. All of the above

B. Nickle

C. Fluorine

D. Lead

56. Shallow channels that can be readily corrected by routine tillage operations is called:
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A. Permanent gullies

B. Ephemeral gullies

C. Both A & B

D. None of these

57. The clay fraction of the soil contains particles less than 0.002 mm. Particles <0.001 mm size:
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A. Soil Silt

B. Soil colloids

C. Soil loam

D. Soil sand

58. Potassium plays a significant role in the transport of water & nutrients through the plant in the xylem. When the supply of K is reduced, the transportation of ___________________ is depressed:
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A. Calcium, magnesium

B. Nitrates, Phosphates

C. All of the above

D. Amino acids

59. Wash-in takes place in which horizon?
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A. B

B. E

C. O

D. A

60. Rocks and weathered materials transported by ___________ ,act as initial materials for soil formation?
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A. Glaciers

B. Wind

C. Water

D. All of the above

61. Ca, Mg, S are called__________?
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A. Primary nutrients

B. Minor nutrients

C. Excellent nutrients

D. None of these

62. During decomposition of organic matter, inititial decomposition is dominated by:__________?
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A. Actinomycetes

B. Bacteria

C. Fungi

D. Both B & C

63. Each layer of phyllosilicates is composed of two types of sheets:
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A. Tetrahedral sheet

B. Triple octahedral sheet

C. Octahedral sheet

D. Both A & C

64. Browning disease of rice is a_________?
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A. Viral disease

B. Bacterial & fungal disease

C. Physiological disease

D. The above statement is wrong

65. The dominance of acidity creates toxicity?
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A. Mg

B. Mo

C. Al

D. Zn

66. What is Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM)?
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A. Bacteria

B. Fungi

C. both A & B

D. None of the above

67. Composition of igneous rock is determined by___________?
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A. Depth of molten magma

B. Composition of molten magma

C. Both A and B

D. Composition can not be determined.

68. ___________ , considered a perfect soil, is a mixture of silt, clay and sand:
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A. Loam

B. Loamy sand

C. Sandy loam

D. Clay

69. Phosphorus (P) is the second major nutrient essential for plant growth. With the exception of Nitrogen (N) and Potassium (K), Phosphorus is required by plants in_________?
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A. Greater quantities

B. Not required

C. Lesser quantities

D. The above statement is wrong

70. In Pakistan, Indus plains are formed from ___________ parent material which was transported by Indus river and its tributaries from Himalayas?
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A. Colluvial

B. None of the above

C. Moraine

D. Till

71. The most suitable species for reclamation of sandy soils is:_________?
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A. Casuarina equiselifolia

B. Acacia spp

C. All of the above

D. Azadirachta indica

72. ______________ consist of particles that are produced by disintegration of pre-existing rocks through the process of weathering:
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A. Clastics

B. Non-clastics

C. both A & B

D. None of the above

73. International Union of Soil Sciences(IUSS),foundedin___________?
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A. 1824

B. 1724

C. . 1924

D. 1624

74. 1 bar is equal to_________?
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A. 0.9869 atm

B. All of these

C. Wt. Of a 1020 cm water column

D. 75.01 cm high mercury column

75. Accumulation of soluble salts in soil________?
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A. All off these

B. Desalinization

C. Alkalization

D. Salinization

76. The percentage of calcium content in single superphosphate?
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A. 19.5%

B. 24%

C. 30%

D. 25%

77. The soil air contains a number of gases ______________ & water vapours:
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A. Carbon dioxide

B. Nitrogen

C. Oxygen

D. All of the above

78. International day of forest is celebrated on___________?
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A. None of the above

B. 15-Mar

C. 3-Mar

D. March-21

79. Exposure of the manures to rains causes highest loss of___________?
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A. P

B. Cl

C. N

D. Cu

80. In Pakistan, Nitrophos is manufactured in_________?
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A. Sawat

B. Shikarpoor

C. Lasbella

D. Multan

81. Biological Weathering involves:
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A. Micro- organisms

B. Man and Animals

C. Higher Plants and Roots

D. All of these

82. Small rivulets or finger like channels formed on the surface of earth by action of water, these channels are of small depth & can be leveled by tillage operations is:
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A. Sheet erosio.

B. Gully erosion

C. None of these

D. Stream bank erosion

83. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is a well-accepted approach for the sustainable management of________?
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A. Soil Productivity

B. Increased crop production

C. both a and B

D. None of these

84. The internal & external surfaces of soil colloids are positively and or negatively charged. Mostly ____________ is dominant:
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A. Negative

B. Zero

C. All of the above

D. Positive

85. Process of mixing of soils is known as_________?
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A. The correct option is not present above

B. Laterization

C. Lessivage

D. Gleization

86. Which of the following nutrient elements are regarded as energy exchangers:
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A. Hydrogen

B. Oxygen

C. Both A & B

D. None of these

87. 1 meq of HCl is equal to_________?
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A. 14 mg of N

B. 140 mg of N

C. 0.14 mg of N

D. 1.4 mg of N

88. Soil is a variable mixture of Major components:
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A. Solids

B. Gases

C. All of the above

D. Liquids

89. The deficient macronutrient in the sodic soils is:_______?
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A. Cu

B. Mg

C. Mo

D. Ca

90. Although some acid soils do exist in the northern mountainous regions of Pakistan (Mansehra, Sawat, Dir). Almost all cultivated soils of the country are ________________, with high base saturation and low organic matter content (generally less than 1%)?
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A. Alkaline

B. Very much acidic

C. Calcareous

D. both A & C

91. Which bacteria convert nitrite to nitrate___________________?
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A. Pseudomonas

B. Frankia

C. Nitrobacter

D. None of the above

92. The suitable species for reclamation of saline & sodic soil is:__________?
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A. Casuarina equisetifolia

B. Albizia lebbeck

C. Both A & B

D. None of the above

93. The unit of a scale used to measure the level of acidity or alkalinity of chemicals is called:
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A. Ec

B. Pascal

C. pH

D. None of the above

94. Walkley and blacks method of organic matter determination allows recovery of ______ ? organic carbon content:
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A. 45 ?

B. 33?

C. 44 ?

D. None of the above

95. Inorganic constituents vary in size from fine clay particles _________ mm to large _________ mm gravel and rock:
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A. None of the above

B. 0.02 mm- 0.2 mm

C. < 0.002 mm- >2 mm

D. 0.5 mm 1.0 mm

96. The process of transformation of raw organic matter into humus:
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A. Illuviation

B. Humification

C. Calcification

D. Horizonation

97. The virus infecting bacteria is called:_________?
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A. Bacteriophage

B. Bacteroid

C. Bacterin

D. All of these

98. Nitrogen fixation is accomplished by:_________?
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A. Bacteria from atmosphere

B. None of these

C. Plants

D. Fungi

99. In Pakistan, approximately __________ mha of irrigated land is affected by salinization:
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A. 8.2 mha

B. None of the above

C. 12.6 mha

D. 5.7 mha

100. What is the pH of calcareous soils?
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A. 6.5-7.5

B. 8.5-9.0

C. 8.0-8.5

D. 7.0-7.5

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