sociology Mcqs
1051. Scientific theories in the nineteenth century tried to explain race in naturalistic terms Which of the following ideas was not considered ?
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A. height

B. genetics

C. brain size

D. evolution

1052. Chinese social control is done mainly through group pressure Every individual is a member of a small group called_____________?
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A. Nessar

B. Communis

C. None of these

D. Danwie
1053. The social construction of childhood can be traced back to_____________?
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A. all of the above

B. the introduction of compulsory education

C. increasingly emotional ties between parents and children

D. new consumer goods for children such as clothes toys and books

1054. Which of the following is not recognized as a level of society ?
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A. the nation states

B. the global village

C. the office

D. the household

1055. Which term describes families in which at least one adult has children from a previous marriage or relationship ?
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A. beanpole families

B. cohabiting families

C. reconstituted families

D. horizontal families

1056. In larger groups each person has_____________?
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A. more points of view to absorb

B. a more elaborate structure within which to function

C. less time to speak

D. all of the above
1057. When so much attention is focused on group survival the group often experiences __________ which is a loss of focus regarding its original intent?
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A. hysteria

B. cultural lag

C. anomie

D. immanence

E. goal displacement
1058. New-style terrorism differs from the old-style in that______________?
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A. it concerns local territorial disputes

B. it has ambitions that are global in scope

C. it is less predictable than previous manifestations

D. it is rooted in religious ideologies

1059. Women have been excluded from the public sphere because_____________?
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A. industrial capitalism separated the middle-class home from the workplace

B. it is difficult to succeed in malestream politics without compromising their femininity

C. all of the above

D. those who enter paid employments have been sidelined into particular fields

1060. Japanese industry progressed because its workers managers and stockholders share a common interest This group sentiment is best illustrated by____________?
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A. None of these

B. Interactionism

C. Functionalist approach

D. Conflict theorists

1061. Which of the following argued that a capitalist society has a dominant ideology that serves the interests of the ruling class ?
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A. Karl Marx

B. Margaret Mead

C. Talcott Parsons

D. Max Weber

1062. Functionalists accept Change as a _____________?
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A. Function

B. Change

C. None of these

D. Constant
1063. Which of these is not part of Judith Butlers theory of gender identity ?
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A. gender is performative

B. people, s biological sex underpins their gendered identity

C. gender is about what we do not who we are

D. there is no essential or biological basis to gender

1064. Social constructionism studies the processes which create and sustain ?
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A. social inequality

B. social structures

C. social reality

D. social space

1065. Primary groups are judged by them______________?
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A. none of these

B. task

C. efficiency

D. emotional Satisfaction
1066. According to the World Health Organization which of these is NOT a main cause of chronic disease and long-term impairments in developing countries ?
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A. poor housing

B. poor diet

C. poor sanitation

D. poor education
1067. Conflict theorists contend that_______________?
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A. bureaucracies result from the centralizing tendencies of socialism and help to redistribute wealth and power

B. factories are organized and operate independently of market pressures

C. organizational goals reflect the priorities of those who occupy the top positions

D. bureaucracies are arenas for cooperation in which the dominant social values of justice and equality take precedence

1068. Sutherlands study of the professional thief suggested that_______________?
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A. people are socialized into a life of crime by associating with others who define it in positive terms

B. the majority of crime is committed by middle class people in professional occupations

C. those who were arrested and charged with theft did not define themselves as thieves

D. the most dangerous criminals on the street were those who were highly skilled thieves

1069. Which of the following statements is true of reference groups ?
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A. They are membership groups

B. They are groups to which we refer in our conversations

C. Those which do not match membership groups may create feelings of relative deprivation

D. They provide comparative but not normative functions

1070. Over all, new management strategies over the past decade have emphasized all of the following except____________?
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A. less hierarchy and less authoritarianism

B. larger work groups

C. self-managed teams

D. more worker participation in decision making

1071. The Mafia is an example of_______________?
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A. organized crime

B. white collar crime

C. global terrorism

D. non-criminal deviance

1072. A new combination or a new use of existing knowledge is termed as______________?
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A. None of these

B. discovery

C. Invention

D. Social Change

1073. A great deal of leadership and authority rests upon the skillful manipulation of the group as a___________?
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A. None of these

B. Source of power

C. Source of help

D. control device
1074. In a democracy ?
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A. the procedures for changing government officials may change with each administration

B. the government tolerates little opposition

C. the people govern directly

D. the powers of government derive from the consent of the governed
1075. In 1971 in England and Wales what was the average age at first marriage for women ?
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A. 28.4

B. 25.52

C. 23.1

D. 22.6
1076. The scientific study of aging is called______________?
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A. gerontology

B. global greying

C. the maturational method

D. maturational reform

E. gerontocracy

1077. Which term describes the process whereby religion loses its influence over various spheres of social life ?
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A. secularization

B. evangelicalism

C. fundamentalism

D. alienation

1078. Power legitimated by the sanctity of age-old customs is called ________ authority ?
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A. characteristic

B. traditional

C. charismatic

D. legal-rational

1079. Peer involvement in adolescence is generally thought to be______________?
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A. overly-superficial

B. over-rated

C. negative

D. positive

1080. Blended families are also known as_____________?
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A. family structures

B. Brady Bunch families

C. families of orientation

D. reconstituted families

E. bi-lateral families

1081. The looking-glass self essentially explains ?
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A. our reflections on our own personal shortcomings

B. our sense of knowledge from all of the agents of socialization

C. our sense of individuality

D. our self-concept both positive and negative

E. our imagination of how others see us
1082. Absolute poverty refers to a set standard which is consistent over time and______________?
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A. for a decade

B. in a county

C. between countries

D. None of these

1083. Robert Park and Ernest Burgess are associated with________________?
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A. Urban ecology

B. the linear-development model

C. the conflict perspective

D. the functionalist perspective
1084. The multiple-nuclei theory of urban growth was presented by______________?
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A. C.D Harris and Edward L. Ulman

B. Homer Hoyt

C. Ferdinand Tonnies

D. Ernest Burgess

1085. The first stage of the demographic transition is called the_____________?
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A. post transition stage initiation stage

B. transition stage

C. initiation stage

D. pretransition stage
1086. Which of the following is not a new social movement ?
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A. environmental movement

B. anti-nuclear movement

C. labor movement

D. resource mobilization theory

1087. What is the systematic elimination of one ethnic group at the hands of another called ?
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A. scapegoating

B. ethnic cleansing

C. institutional racism

D. genocide
1088. Which is the most recently established of the great world religions ?
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A. Judaism

B. Hinduism

C. Christianity

D. Islam
1089. Which sociological perspective argues that to whatever extent religion actually does influence social behavior it reinforces existing patterns of dominance and inequality ?
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A. interactionist perspective

B. conflict perspective

C. functionalist perspective

D. each of the above

1090. Which of these ethnic groups has the greatest proportion of its members in the bottom income quintile ?
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A. Pakistan /Bangladeshis

B. Indians

C. Whites

D. Black Caribbean

1091. Which of the following is a polytheistic religion ?
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A. Islam

B. Christianity

C. Hinduism

D. Judaism

1092. What term describes ties between individuals established through marriage or blood ?
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A. network

B. family

C. tribe

D. kinship
1093. A Group of people affiliated by consanguinity affinity and co-residence is______________?
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A. Family

B. Neighborhood

C. Class

D. None of these

1094. The global spread of democracy is probably the most striking trend in geopolitics but in the established Western democracies what has now become a source of major concern ?
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A. the decline in voter turnout

B. the expanding number of small political parties

C. security problems with-e-voting

D. electoral fraud

1095. A group whose members are related by ancestry marriage or adoption is a(n) ?
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A. kinship group

B. none of the above

C. family

D. institution

1096. Care for the elderly_____________?
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A. falls mostly on the eldest son

B. is provided by the family in 40 percent of cases

C. is provided by the sandwich generation

D. none of the above

1097. GM crops are different from anything that has existed before because ______________?
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A. they involve transplanting genes between different organisms

B. they have become front-page stories in the news everyday

C. they are produced by techniques of cross-breeding

D. they are capable of drastically improving agricultural yields

1098. Which of the following suggested that the punishments established within a culture help to define acceptable behavior and thus contribute to stability ?
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A. Emile Durkheim

B. William Chambliss

C. Richard Quinney

D. Stanley Milgram

1099. Multinational corporations______________?
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A. play an increasingly important role in the structuring of the division of labor in the world economy

B. may need to avoid alienating non-American workers and customers

C. maintain strong national identities in spite of operating abroad

D. provide preferential treatment for American employees

1100. Which term describes a society in which women can marry more than one husband at a time but men may marry only one wife at a time ?
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A. polyandry

B. polygamy

C. monogamy

D. polygyny