political science Mcqs
1. bureaucracy2. electorate and representation3. property4. ibn e khaldun5. rule of law muslim political thoughts6. sovereignty of state7. parliamentary and presidential systems8. the rights9. france constitution10. liberty11. pakistan constitution12. india constitution13. political parties and pressure group14. usa federalism15. international law16. state of local govt17. plato18. usa constitution19. liberalism20. al ghazali21. development theories and under development22. constitutional development and national movement in subcontinent23. marxian socialism24. marxian theory of origin of state25. u s s r constitution26. nizam ul mulk tusi27. the state28. england constitution29. nature theories and state function30. constitution and constitutional government31. allama iqbal32. shah walliullah33. public opinion34. cabinet government35. al mawardi muslim political thoughts36. muslim political thoughts al farabi37. justice38. freedom of speech and press role39. western political thoughts40. origin of state41. evolutionary socialism42. fascism43. democracy44. aristotle45. equality
4451. Who said that democracy is the Government of the people for the people and by the people?
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A. Lincoln

B. Bryce

C. Dicey

D. Herodotus

4452. Who said, Democracy is merely a mechanism for choosing and authorising governments or in some other way getting laws and political decision made.
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A. Lipset

B. J.S.Mill

C. Joseph Schumpeter

D. Macpherson
4453. Who of the following thinkers tried to combine the elitist theory with Marxism?
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A. Robert Michels

B. None of the above

C. James Burham

D. Vilfredo Pareto

4454. Plebiscite is a device of democracy used for:
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A. Appointment of judges

B. Enactment of laws

C. Appointment of civil servants

D. Ascertaining the views of people on a policy matter of public importance
4455. The Elitist theory holds that the power is always concentrated in the hands of: _________?
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A. Military class

B. Priestly class

C. Civil Servants

D. A small group of elites
4456. The word Cratio stands for: __________?
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A. People

B. Government

C. State

D. Sovereign

E. Power

4457. To a socialist democracy means a society in which:
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A. No body is without work

B. All the means of production and distribution are owned by the state

C. Free enterprise and state enterprise exist side by side

D. Inequalities of wealth should be removed by state action

4458. Which one of the following conditions essential for the smooth working of democracy has been wrongly listed?
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A. Presence of opposition

B. Free elections

C. Universal suffrage

D. Minority rule
4459. Democracy is distinguished from dictatorship by the fact that
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A. It guarantees civil and political rights

B. It is responsive to the will of the people

C. It ensures social justice

D. It aims at the material good of the people

4460. Which one of the following theories of democracy accords high priority to the political rights of citizens
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A. Pluralist Theory of Democracy

B. Elitist Theory of Democracy

C. Liberal Theory of Democracy

D. All the above

E. Marxist Theory of Democracy

4461. The elitist theory believes in leaving the formulation and implementation of policy in the hands of: _________?
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A. An elite class

B. Elected representatives of the people

C. A body composed of all the above three

D. Permanent civil servants

4462. who of the following philosophers championed the cause of direct democracy?
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A. Hobbes

B. Hegel

C. Marx

D. Rousseau
4463. Who defined democracy as a government in which everyone has a share?
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A. Rousseau

B. Bryce

C. Seeley

D. Abraham Lincoln

4464. Which one of the following has been wrongly listed as a feature of Liberal Democracy?
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A. Fundamental Rights

B. Party system

C. Periodic Elections

D. Democratic Centralism
4465. Demos and Cratio are the words of _________ language?
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A. Roman

B. German

C. French

D. Latin

E. Greek
4466. Democracy is rule of: __________?
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A. Members of Parliament

B. People

C. Political

D. Voters

4467. The Pluralist theory of democracy holds that:
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A. None of the above

B. The power in society is shared by the government and other groups

C. Political power cannot be divided among various groups, associations etC.

D. The state is the source of all authority and all groups draw from it

4468. The Economic aspects of democracy have been emphasised by constitutionality of laws enacted by ___________?
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A. Liberal Theory of Democracy

B. Marxian Theory of Democracy

C. Both Marxian and Liberal

D. Theories of Democracy

4469. The Pluralist theory of democracy is associated with __________?
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A. All the above three

B. Sartori

C. Presthus

D. Barelson

4470. Which one of the following thinkers is connected with the Elitist theory?
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A. Mosca

B. Vilfredo Pareto

C. Robert Michels

D. All the three
4471. Aristotle is considered the founder of what?
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A. Modern Biology

B. Modern Chemistry

C. Modern Physics

D. Modern Anatomy

4472. Which nephew of Aristotle was executed by Alexander?
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A. Xenocrates

B. Callisthenes

C. Speusippus

D. Hermeias

4473. What was the name of Aristotles father, which he used to name one of his works?
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A. Phillipius

B. Eudemeus

C. Nicomachus

D. Eudoxus

4474. What did Aristotle see as the sentral tension in ethical decisions?
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A. Continence

B. Desire

C. Ignorance

D. Complacence

4475. In which year Aristotle died?
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A. 318 B.C.

B. 322 B.C.

C. 320 B.C.

D. 321 B.C.

4476. What famous individual who taught Aristotle?
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A. Euclid

B. Socrates

C. St. Augustine

D. Plato
4477. In what Macedonian village was Aristotle born?
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A. Sparta

B. Athens

C. Stagira

D. None of these

4478. What famous individual was taught by Aristotle?
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A. Ptolemy

B. Julius Caesar

C. Alexander the Great

D. Socrates

4479. Whose niece did Aristotle marry?
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A. Alexanders

B. Callisthenes

C. Platos

D. Hermeiass
4480. What was the name of the school that Aristotle established in a grove sacred to Apollo?
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A. Alcemium

B. Lyceum

C. Gymnasium

D. Academy

4481. Which of the following is covered under national equality?
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A. Right to declare war

B. Right to participate in international conferences

C. Right to conclude treaties

D. Right to have equal status in international forums

E. Right to declare peace

4482. Equality in the negative sense means:
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A. Absence of special privileges

B. Provision of special facilities for weaker sections

C. Provision of special facilities to the ruling class

D. None of the above

4483. The system under which each one is given the right to vote on equal basis is covered under:
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A. Economic equality

B. Natural equality

C. Social equality

D. Political equality

E. Religious equality

4484. The philosophers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries emphasised:
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A. Economic equality only

B. Social and economic equality only

C. Social and political equality only

D. Social economic as well as political equality

4485. Who said There can be no identity of treatment and identity of reward so long as men differ in their needs and capacities?
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A. Laski

B. Aristotle and Montesquieu

C. Lord Acton

D. Marx

4486. Womanhood franchise means equality in: ___________?
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A. Moral sense

B. Political sense

C. Economic sense

D. None of the above

E. Cultural sense

4487. The passion for equality made vain the hope for liberty, who said this?
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A. Karl Marx

B. Lord Acton

C. J.S.Mill

D. Bentham

4488. Who said Political Liberty without economic equality is a myth?
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A. T.H.Green

B. G.D.H. Cole

C. H.J.Laski

D. J.S.Mill

4489. Who of the following is associated with the concept of positive equality?
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A. Bakunin

B. Laski

C. De-Tacqueville

D. Prodhoun

4490. The concept of sovereign equality is associated with: _________?
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A. Economic equality

B. Religious equality

C. Natural equality

D. National equality

4491. These days it is believed that political equality goes together with: __________?
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A. None of the above

B. Economic equality

C. Natural equality

D. National equality

E. Religious equality

4492. Which one of the followings is the most appropriate meaning of the concept of of protective discrimination.
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A. Discrimination in favour of the underprivileged to raise them to the level of the other sections of the society

B. Preferential treatment for the weaker sections

C. Discrimination against the privileged sections of the society

D. Unequal treatment against the privileged sections of the society

4493. Civil or legal equality is a feature of: __________?
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A. All democratic governments

B. Only dictatorial governments

C. Countries, which possess written constitution

D. All types of governments

4494. Which one of the followjng has been wrongly listed as constituting equality?
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A. Absence of distinctions based on class, caste, etc.

B. Absence of discrimination

C. Provision of adequate opportunities for all

D. Provision of equal pay for all
4495. Which one of the following is not covered under political equality?
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A. Right to criticise government

B. Right to have political office

C. Right to contest elections

D. Right to vote

E. Right to live in family
4496. Which one of the following events was a protest against the prevailing inequalities?
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A. The American War of Idependence

B. The French Revolution of 1789

C. All the three

D. Glorious Revolution of 1688 in England

4497. Social equality means:
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A. Special effort to improve the lot of weaker sections

B. Each person should perform the functions according to his status

C. No effort should be made to modify the existing social system

D. No person should be made to suffer a position of relative inferiority in relation to other men due to difference in caste, race, religion, etC.
4498. The theory, which believes that all are equal in the eyes of nature, is called:________?
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A. Cultural equality

B. Natural equality

C. Political equality

D. Economic equality

4499. Equality in the positive sense means
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A. Provision of basic necessities to all members of society

B. Provision of adequate opportunities to all

C. Equality, which is backed by the force of law

D. Equality bestowed by nature

4500. Economic equality means that:
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A. Every citizen is able to satisfy his primary needs before aspiring for luxuries

B. There should be economic equality between men and women

C. There should be equal distribution of wealth among all citizens of the world

D. All should be subjected to an equal degree of taxation