A. Suggesting that the study of literature is based on the breakdown of language into signs

B. Calling into question the capacity of language to communicate

C. Arguing that language, and therefore literary texts, relies on the difference between terms and therefore constantly defers meaning.

A. Formalism

B. Chaos theory

D. Ecotheory

B. An understanding of how double experiences create identity

C. An attempt to explain dual identity

D. A concept developed by W.E.B Du Bois

A. Cleanth Brooks

B. Harold Bloom

D. Wolfgang Iser

A. Sigmund Freud

B. Carl Jung

C. William James

A. Literature is timeless, and thus meaning does not change.

B. There is no potential for multiple and differing meanings in a work of literature.

D. Language must be studied in conjunction with history in order to create meaning.

B. Emmanuel Lvinas

C. Wolfgang Iser

D. Jean-Paul Sartre

B. An infants inability to speak prior to the mirror stage

C. The formulaic shift between economic and political themes

D. The referential relationships among symbols, signifiers, and signs

A. Viktor Shklovsky

B. Roland Barthes

D. Claude Lvi-Strauss

B. Gender is a problematic, but essentially true, category.

C. While gender is not real, the stereotypes that accompany it are true.

D. Womens gender is artificial, while mens gender is not.

A. The West tends to look at Asian countries as individual units rather than lump them together.

B. TheWest spends too much time trying to consider an Asian perspective.

D. The West refuses to apply economic and political coercion to Asian writers.

A. Poststructuralism

C. Structuralism

D. Humanism

A. Critics should attempt to paraphrase texts in order to find out what they mean

C. Critics should examine historical information surrounding a literary work.

D. Critics should consider evolving notions of a text over time.

A. Entering the authors mind through his or her literary works

C. Understanding the authors consciousness

D. Reproducing the authors thoughts in a critical context

B. Game theory

C. Trauma theory

D. Marxist theory

A. He considers it to be vital in order to understand literary texts.

B. He considers theory to be the only way that literary texts can be interpreted.

D. He has no misgivings about the practical usability of literary theory.

A. Strange attractors are mysterious forces that are entirely random.

B. Strange attractors are complex forces that are determined by the laws of physics.

D. Strange attractors are complex forces that are entirely random.

A. Jacques Derrida

B. Julia Kristeva

C. Theodor W. Adorno

B. They promote ideology because it helps to create a dominant social order

C. They accept ideology as an essential, although sometimes problematic, part of society.

D. They reject the idea that ideology has real effects on social progress.

A. Literary texts should not be read as a projection of the authors psyche.

C. Literary texts are unlike dreams because they have a system of order and produce meaning.

D. Literary texts solely reflect an authors intentions.

A. An approach that emphasizes the historical context of a text

B. An approach that emphasizes the biographical intent of a text

D. An approach that emphasizes racial issues in a text

A. To explain why there are few examples of successful non-Western literature

B. To show the ways in which mostWestern literature is superior

D. To draw attention to the positive effects of colonization on literature

A. Edward Said

B. Stephen Greenblatt

C. Jacques Lacan

A. Cleanth Brookss Keatss Sylvan Historian

B. Harold Blooms An Elegy for the Canon

C. Jacques Lacans The Mirror Stage

B. Literary theory engages with theoretical rather than real-world issues.

C. Literary theory relies totally on speculation rather than history.

D. Literary theory is detached from the reality of politics and the economy.

B. Judith Butler

C. Cleanth Brooks

D. Terry Eagleton

A. Lucy Irigaray

B. Hlne Cixous

C. Judith Butler

A. The author may not always exist.

C. The names of authors serve a classificatory function.

D. The author is not a source of infinite meaning.

A. To create literary subjects with which female readers can identify

C. To counter stereotypes about women

D. To critique phallocentric assumptions about literature

B. All linguistics is related to history, and therefore the meaning of linguistics relies exclusively on historical context.

C. All linguistics is in some way related to class struggle.

D. All linguistic concepts evolve solely out of the responses of people within a specific historical era.

B. Its literature is less proud that that of the West.

C. It has little relationship to the colonization of Asian countries by the West.

D. It illustrates the fundamental political equality of all nations.

A. Julia Kristeva

B. Claude Lvi-Strauss

D. Walter Benjamin

B. Kristeva rejects the idea that neuroses provide insight into the unconscious.

C. Kristeva fundamentally disagrees with the idea of the mirror stage.

D. Kristeva suggests that women are not subject to traditional fetishes.

B. mirrors our physical evolution as human beings.

C. prevents us from communicating through writing or speech.

D. evolved exclusively as a function of our individual psyche.

B. To rectify the double experiences of certain racial groups

C. To expand the canon to include works authored by different racial groups

D. To reconcile cultural identity with individual identity

A. An important term in the field of New Historicism

C. A term that suggests that a critic should study the structural and thematic elements of a poem rather than the effect it has on the emotions of the reader B. A term that describes the confusion between a poem and its result

A. It includes too few works by women.

B. It includes too few works by nonwhite writers.

C. All of the above.

A. It has little impact on human behavior.

B. It is the only significant aspect of the human psyche.

C. It can never be accessed.

B. Jacques Derrida

C. Fredric Jameson

D. Terry Eagleton

B. Roland Barthess The Death of the Author

C. Jacques Derridas Of Grammatology

A. Sigmund Freud

C. Cleanth Brooks

D. Karl Marx

B. Womens tragedies tend to be subordinated to those of men.

C. Feminist critics need to re-appropriate Ophelia for their own purposes.

D. It is nearly impossible to represent women as anything other than mad in patriarchal discourses.

B. Stanley Fish

C. T.S. Eliot

D. Jacques Lacan

A. Formalism

B. Structuralism

C. Poststructuralism

A. Biographical information about the author must be considered when evaluating literature.

B. It is possible to distill meaning from a work based on the authors politics.

D. Authorial intent must be considered when evaluating literature.

B. refuses maternal bonds.

C. first engages with speech.

D. looks into a mirror for the first time.

A. John Keatss Ode on a Grecian Urn

B. Aristotles Poetics

D. Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness

A. The Frankfurt School

C. The Moscow School

D. The Chicago School

B. Cleanth Brooks

C. Viktor Shklovsky

D. Stanley Fish

A. Lucy Irigaray

B. Julia Kristeva

C. Hlne Cixous