economics Mcqs
1. the national economy2. profit maximizing under perfect competition and monopoly3. application of economics4. the aggregate demand aggregate supply model5. surplus6. money interest rates and output7. average and total cost8. stabilization adjustment reform and privatization9. risks and diversification efficient market hypothesis10. the phillips curve11. supply and demand12. capital formation investment choice information technology and technical progress13. aggregate supply unemployment and inflation14. elasticity15. comparative gdp16. roots of modern macroeconomics17. production factors18. poverty malnutrition and income inequality19. trade regulations and industrial policies20. monetary union21. exchange rate systems and currency crises22. economic development in historical perspective23. exchange rate determination24. monopoly competition25. the balance of payments26. inflation productivity27. macroeconomic issues and analysis28. employment migration and urbanization29. macroeconomic policy tools30. supply side policies31. exchange rate adjustments and the balance of32. miscellaneous33. taxation34. trade policies for the developing nations35. markets efficiency and the public interest36. the external debt and financial crises37. budget deficits and the trade balance38. alternative theories of the firm39. public goods40. the meaning and measurement of economic development41. characteristics and institutions of developing countries42. agriculture irrigation system of pakistan43. education health and human capital44. economic problems of developing countries45. theories of economic development46. basic of economics47. consumer theory vs real consumers48. applied microeconomics49. long term economic growth50. externality internality51. fiscal and monetary policy52. prices wages taxes53. balance of payments aid and foreign investment54. international factor movements and multinational corporations55. entrepreneurship organization and innovation56. the international economy and globalization57. population and development58. non tariff trade barriers59. foundations of modern trade theory60. global economic development61. market62. rural poverty and agricultural transformation63. regional trading arrangements64. foreign exchange65. introduction to economics66. world economy miscellaneous67. sources of comparative advantage68. natural resources and the environment toward sustainable development69. monopoly70. asymmetric information71. income inequality72. labour market73. tariffs74. development planning and policy making the state and the market75. oligopoly76. industrial development77. costs supply and perfect competition78. human capital79. monetary fiscal and incomes policy and inflation80. stocks
6851. _______ is the general term for a buying and selling process that is supported by electronic means?
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A. Web commerce

B. Computer commerce

C. Internet commerce

D. Electronic commerce
6852. The statement everything affects everything else reflects the principle behind ?
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A. general equilibrium analysis

B. efficiency analysis

C. equity analysis

D. partial equilibrium analysis

6853. Regulations that arise to ensure that firms take responsibility for the social costs of their products or production processes stem from which reason for government legislation of business ?
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A. To protect the interests of society

B. To protect companies form each other

C. To protect consumers from unfair business practices

D. To protect businesses from unfair consumer demands

6854. If a large number of individuals are affected by an external benefit, private bargaining will not work because of ?
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A. the Coase theorem

B. the fallacy of composition

C. the free-rider problem

D. non-rivalry

6855. The type of salesforce structure in which the sales force sells along product lines is called a ?
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A. retail salesforce

B. customer salesforce

C. territorial salesforce

D. product salesforce
6856. A three day cooling off period in which buyers can cancel a contract after re-thinking it is to protect the consumer from ?
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A. detail selling

B. high pressure telling

C. hard core selling

D. creative selling

6857. A person will continue to pursue an activity up to the point where ?
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A. marginal benefit equals marginal private cost

B. Marginal benefit equals marginal damage cost

C. marginal social cost equals marginal external cost

D. marginal benefits equals marginal social cost

6858. If one persons enjoyment of the benefits of a good does not interfere with anothers consumption of it, the good is said to be ?
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A. non-excludable

B. non-rival in consumption

C. limitless in utility

D. congestible in consumption

6859. That the company that overlooks new and better ways to do things will eventually lose customers to another company that has found a better way to serving customer needs is a major tenet of ?
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A. innovative marketing

B. consumer oriented marketing

C. value marketing

D. sense -f mission marketing

6860. ________ is the practice of adopting policies and developing strategies that both sustain the environment and produce profits for the company ?
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A. Consumerism

B. Consumer accountability

C. Environmentalism

D. Environmental sustainability
6861. Sellers that handle their own exports are engaged in ?
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A. indirect exporting

B. contract manufacturing

C. direct exporting

D. licensing

6862. Conflicts between different levels of the same channel of distribution are referred to as ?
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A. vertical conflicts

B. horizontal conflicts

C. parallel conflicts

D. layer-based conflicts

6863. _______ is quoted as saying that everyone lives by selling something?
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A. Robert Louis Stevenson

B. Bill Gates

C. Arthur Miller

D. Henry Ford

6864. _______ factors are the most popular bases for segmenting customer groups?
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A. Geographic

B. Behavioral

C. Psychographic

D. Demographic
6865. If your company were to make light bulbs to be used in photocopiers you would most likely be selling to a _________ market?
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A. service

B. reseller

C. government

D. business
6866. A(n) _____ is a retail store that carries a narrow product line with a deep assortment within that line ?
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A. specialty store

B. convenience store

C. shopping goods store

D. department store

6867. If a firm were to bid to do a turnkey operation where they would choose a building site designing a cement factory to build the plant hire construction crews assemble materials and equipment to run the new factory and turn over the finished factory ready to operate to the owners the firm would be using which of the following ?
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A. Core Process products selling

B. Design Products selling

C. Systems selling

D. Reciprocal spelling

6868. Today advertising captures about ________ percent of total promotion spending?
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A. 23

B. 33

C. 29

D. 15

6869. 3M runs a Pollution a Prevention Pays program that has led to a substantial reduction in pollution and costs this would be an example of responding and costs. This would be an example of responding to which of the following ?
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A. Governmental regulation

B. Naders raiders

C. The green movement

D. International competition

6870. Even through buying roles in the family change constantly the _________ has traditionally been the main purchasing agent for the family?
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A. husband

B. grandparent

C. teenage children

D. wife
6871. All of the following considered to be drawbacks of local marketing EXCEPT ?
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A. it can create logistical problems when the company tries to meet varied requirements

B. it can drive up manufacturing and marketing costs by reducing economies of scale

C. it can attract unwanted competition

D. it can dilute the brands overall image

6872. ________ is the process of evaluating each market segments attractiveness and selecting one or more segments to enter?
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A. Market targeting

B. Market segmentation

C. Mass marketing

D. Market positioning

6873. A price reduction to buyers who buy in large volumes is called a(n) ?
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A. trade discount

B. seasonal discount

C. cash discount

D. quantity discount
6874. More and more salespeople are being evaluated and compensated based on different measures than in the past. All of the following are illustrations of those measures EXCEPT ?
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A. competitive predatory pricing performance

B. long term customer sanctification

C. full customer service

D. retention rates

6875. If Honda uses its company name to cover such different products as its automobiles lawn mowers and motorcycles, it is practicing which of the following strategies ?
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A. new brand strategy

B. line extension strategy

C. brand extension strategy

D. multiband strategy

6876. One of the most common problems with using internal database information is that ?
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A. it is usually expensive to retrieve

B. top executives are usually unwilling to relinquish data therefore the data has limits

C. since it was probably collected for some other purpose it may be incomplete or wrong

D. the data is almost always unsecured and therefore, suspect as to reliability

6877. If some gain and some lose as the result of a proposed change and it can be demonstrated that the value of the gains would exceed the value of the losses then the change is said to be ?
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A. unequivocally Pareto optimal

B. inefficient.

C. technically efficient.

D. potentially efficient
6878. Each salesperson is assigned to an exclusive area in which to sell the companys full line of products or services in which type of salesforce structure ?
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A. Product sales force

B. Hybrid sales force

C. Territorial sales force

D. Customer sales force

6879. A _______ is a promotion strategy that calls for using the sales force and trade promotion to move the produce through channels ?
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A. pull strategy

B. blocking strategy

C. push strategy

D. integrated strategy

6880. Costs that do not vary with production or sales levels are called ?
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A. variable costs

B. independent costs

C. fixed costs

D. standard costs

6881. The biggest of greatest amount of involvement in a foreign market comes through which of the following ?
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A. Direct investment

B. Licensing

C. Joint venturing

D. Exporting

6882. _________ is a principle of enlightened marketing that requires that a company seek real product and marketing improvements ?
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A. Sense of mission marketing

B. Innovative marketing

C. Consumer oriented marketing

D. value marketing

6883. A company is in the ________ stage of the new product development process when the company develops the product concept into a physical product in order to assure that the product idea can be turned into a workable product ?
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A. marketing strategy

B. product development

C. commercialization

D. business analysis

6884. Using a successful brand name to introduce additional items in a given product category under the same brand same (such as new flavors, forms, colors, added ingredients or package seizes) is called a(n)?
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A. multibranding

B. brand extension

C. new brands

D. line extension
6885. When a company reviews sales costs and profit projections for a new product to find out whether these factors satisfy the companys objectives they are in which of the following new process development stages ?
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A. Marketing strategy development

B. Business analysis

C. Commercialization

D. Concept development and testing

6886. The use of price points for reference to different levels of quality for a companys related products is typical of which product mix pricing strategy ?
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A. Optional-product pricing

B. Captive-product pricing

C. Product line pricing

D. By-product pricing

6887. __________ is a philosophy holding that a companys marketing should support the best long-run performance of the marketing system?
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A. Fundamental marketing

B. Conceptual marketing

C. Enlightened marketing

D. Myopic marketing

6888. According to the text the most dramatic of the environments that affect marketing and appears to be now shaping our world is the ___________ environment?
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A. demographic

B. natural

C. economic

D. technological
6889. imperfect competition occurs ?
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A. When the consumption of the good involves an external benefit

B. When firms have some control over price and competition

C. When firms are not profit maximisers

D. Whenever firms are losing money.

6890. The total cost to society of producing an additional unit of a good or service is the ?
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A. marginal external cost

B. marginal damage cost

C. marginal private cost

D. marginal social cost
6891. A __________ is a brand created and owned by a reseller of a product of service ?
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A. co-brand

B. licensed brand

C. private brand

D. manufacturers brand private brand

6892. R&D and engineering first produce the product concept into a physical product during which of the following stages of the new product development process ?
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A. Business analysis

B. Product development

C. Concept development and testing

D. Marketing strategy

6893. If a consumer describes a car as being the most economical car on the market than this descriptor is a?
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A. belief

B. attitude

C. rule

D. cute

6894. Concerns that the manufactures of harmful products such as tobacco have influence on lawmakers to the detriment of the public interest is used as evidence of which criticism of marketing ?
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A. Too much political power

B. Too much advertising

C. Cultural pollution

D. Too few social goods

6895. ___________ have contractual authority to sell a manufacturers entire output?
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A. Rack jobbers

B. Manufacturers agents

C. Purchasing agents

D. Selling agents
6896. The process that turns marketing strategies and plans into marketing actions in order to accomplish strategic marketing objectives is called ?
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A. Marketing control

B. Marketing implementation

C. Marketing analysis

D. Marketing strategy

6897. When Micheal Jordan and Tiger Woods use marketing to promote their careers and improve their impact and incomes they are using?
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A. nonprofit marketing

B. idea marketing

C. cause-related marketing

D. person marketing
6898. Which of the following information forms available to the marketing manager can usually be accessed more quickly and cheaply than other information sources ?
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A. Customer profiles

B. Marketing intelligence

C. Marketing research

D. Internal databases
6899. In 1985, the Coca-cola Company made a classic marketing blunder with its deletion of its popular Coca-Cola product and introduction of what it called New Coke Analysts now believe that most of the companys problems resulted from poor marketing research. As the public demanded their old Coke back the company relented and reintroduced Coca-Cola Classic (which has regained and surpassed its former position) while New Coke owns only 0.1 percent of the market Which of the following marketing research mistakes did Coca-Cola make ?
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A. They failed to account for the Pepsi Challenge taste test in their marketing efforts

B. They did not investigate pricing correctly and priced the product too high

C. They defined their marketing research problem too narrowly

D. They did not investigate dealer reaction and had inadequate distribution

6900. All of the following factors can affect the attractiveness of a market segment EXCEPT ?
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A. the likelihood of government monitoring

B. the presence of many strong and aggressive competitors

C. actual or potential substitute products

D. the power of buyers in the segments