soil science Mcqs
151. Potassium (K) occurs as a constituent of the earths crust in the proportion of_________?
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A. 23%

B. 2.3 %

C. 17%

D. 1.70%

152. Soil Organic Matter (SOM) serves not only as a reservoir of all the required plant nutrients, but it:
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A. Maintains the productivity of soil

B. Provides energy for the microbial

C. Gives structure to the soil

D. All of these
153. Ground water refers to the________?
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A. Water quality determination

B. Aquifer location

C. Water regulation

D. Installation of wells

154. Micas have isomorphous substitution:____________?
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A. Predominantly in tetrahedral layer

B. Predominantly in octahedral layer

C. Both a & b

D. The statement is wrong

155. The indicator used for the the estimation of the organic matter or organic carbon is;_________?
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A. Mixed indicator

B. Diphenylamine indicator

C. Both a and b

D. None of the above

156. The removal of excess water from the ground surface is called:________?
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A. Sub-surface drainage

B. Drainage

C. All of the above

D. Surface operations
157. Which of the following is not the soil order prevail in Pakistan?
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A. None of the above

B. Mollisols

C. Aridisols

D. Alfisols

158. Fe is trivalent in which of the chemical compound:
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A. Fe<sub>2</sub> (NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>

B. Fe (NO3)3

C. Fe<sub>3</sub> (NO<sub>2</sub>)

D. None of these

159. BGA was discovered as a nitrogen fixer in paddy field by ?
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A. Beijerinck

B. None of the above

C. Fred

D. P.K dey
160. _______________ of alluvium (stratified sediment) by earth-worms is the most important soil-forming process in the alluvial plain of Pakistan:
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A. Homogenization

B. Melanization

C. Pedoturbation

D. Lessivage

161. The soils in which the weathered material is taken away to other place by several agents are called__________?
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A. Transported soil

B. Aeolian soil

C. Alluvial soil

D. None of these

162. Which of the following soil has the highest water holding capacity_________?
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A. Sand soil

B. Silt soil

C. None of these

D. Forest soil
163. In Pakistan there is general deficiency of rainfall. It varies from 125 mm annually in upper Sindh to about 900 mm in the sub-mountainous of northern Pakistan. In Balochistan the mean annual rainfall is about 200 mm, diminishing to ________ mm in the desert of Kharan:
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A. >70 mm

B. None of these

C.

D. 100 mm

164. New soils, no or little profile development:
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A. Aridisols

B. Inceptisols

C. Entisols

D. Andisols

165. Inceptisols:___________?
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A. Young soils with few horizons

B. Organic soils

C. Dry soils

D. Volcanic soils

166. Soil pores created by the animal such as earthworm and plant root are called_________?
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A. Diameter

B. Biopores

C. Mesopores

D. Microspores

167. Soil erosion is __________ of soil from one place ti another place by natural agencies (wind & water):
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A. Detachement of soil

B. Transportation

C. both A & B

D. None of these

168. Who will decompose organic matter first:
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A. Basidiomycetes

B. Bacteria

C. Fungi imperfecti

D. Actinomycetes

169. Rhizoplane is________?
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A. Root surface

B. Area within the roots

C. An area of soil from root surface to 5 cm

D. All of them

170. Which one of the following clay mineral has the highest CEC?
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A. Montmorillonite

B. Vermiculite

C. Kaolinite

D. Illite

171. The horizons O, A, E and B (other than r and C) are collectively called_____________?
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A. inner core

B. Solum

C. Regolith

D. Outer core

172. Organic matter decomposes rapidly in Pakistani soils because of ____________ conditions, that is why our soils generally have < 1% organic matter:
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A. High temperature

B. Alkaline

C. Both a & b

D. None of a & b

173. Soil erosion Occurs mainly in:_________?
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A. Inceptisols, Mollisols

B. Alfisols, Entisols

C. Both a & b

D. None of the above

174. Peat soils are not present in Pakistan because these are formed in___________?
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A. Cool climate

B. Acidic conditions

C. both A & B

D. None of the above

175. Specific heat is higher in:
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A. Clay

B. Humus

C. both A & B

D. Only Clay

176. The basic form of present day Universal soil loss equation (USLE), initially involved the use of factors such as ________?
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A. R, K, S and L

B. R, K and S

C. R and K

D. R, K, S, L, C and P
177. In cotton, zn deficiency is known as_________?
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A. None of these

B. Mottle leaf

C. Fern leaf

D. Little leaf
178. What is the optimum temperature and pH for nitrifying bacteria ?
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A. All of thses

B. 30-35 c, pH 5.5

C. 25-40 c, pH 8-8.5

D. >35 c, pH less than 5

179. From the point of view of crop production, Soil testing refers to______________?
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A. Laboratory analysis assessing plant available nutrient status

B. Collection of plant leaves samples only

C. Salinity & elemental toxicity of a soil

D. Both A & C
180. Weathering process-physical, chemical, and biological _______________, the rocks and minerals into simpler products which either accumulate in place or are transported to other places where they become soil parent materials?
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A. Disintegrate

B. Disentigrate

C. Decompose

D. Both a & c
181. The lands which are rich in soluble salts and exchangeable sodium:
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A. None of the above

B. Alkaline

C. Saline-Alkaline

D. Saline soil

182. What kind of nitrogenous (N) fertilizers should not be used for flooded soil:
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A. Ammonical

B. Nitrate

C. Ammonical-nitrate

D. Both B & C
183. Based on their diameters, soil pores are divided into:_________?
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A. Macro pores

B. Meso pores & Micro pores

C. Both A & B

D. The above statement is wrong

184. About 40% of the total area of Pakistan is affected by wind erosion. this includes:_________?
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A. Tharparkar & vast areas of Balochistan

B. All of the above

C. Parts of Mianwali and D.G

D. Thal, Cholistan

185. The major soil fertility problems in Pakistani soils deficiencies of N, P and Zn. Deficiencies K, Fe, and B also occur in specific crop genotypes or soil types, while deficiencies of S, Cu, and Mn are negligible. however, the common nutrient deficiencies are_________________: and some micronutrients including Mo?
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A. N, P, K

B. Ca, Mg, S

C. both A & B

D. The above statement is wrong

186. Journal Plant and Soil is published from__________?
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A. The Neterlands

B. USA

C. Japan

D. Pakistan

187. Any tillage and planting system that maintains at least 30% of the soil surface covered by residue after planting for the purpose of reducing soil erosion by water:
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A. Deep Tillage

B. Conservation Tillage

C. Both a & b

D. None of these

188. Water is the major constituent of all living creatures. Biomass of plants is composed of ________% water:
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A. 72 62%

B. 65 75%

C. 85 95%

D. 75% 80%

189. Water occupied the larger soil pores and moves down readily under the force of gravity. Water in excess of the field capacity is termed:
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A. Gravitational water

B. Capillary water

C. None of the above

D. Hygroscopic water

190. Water-erosion can be reduced / controlled by:___________?
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A. Provision of surface-cover that intercepts the rain before hitting the soil.

B. Reducing the amount of runoff by promoting infiltration.

C. Both a & b

D. None of the above

191. The very high temperatures required for ICP-AES are attained by__________?
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A. Plasma

B. None of these

C. Carbon

D. Quartz

192. The capacity of a soil to function on sustained basis promoting plant & animal health:
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A. Soil neutrality

B. Soil quality

C. Both a & b

D. None of these

193. The largest soil order in Pakistan?
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A. Vertisols

B. Aridisols

C. Entisols

D. Inceptisols

194. Specific heat of organic matter is______?
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A. None of these

B. 0.22

C. 0.44

D. 0.33

195. Most out standing green manure crop is__________?
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A. Sun hemp

B. Dhaincha

C. Both of the above

D. None of the above

196. Essentiality criteria of an element :
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A. The role played by an element is specific & can not be replaced by another element.

B. The element is directly involved in the nutrition of the plant.

C. In the absence of an element, its not possible for plant to complete its vegetative cycle.

D. All of these
197. One ha cm of water is equal to__________?
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A. 100 tonnes of water

B. 100000 litres of water

C. Both A & B

D. 10 tonnes of water

198. Being a soil scientist, do you know which is the popular book of soil science of Nyle.C.brady, 14th edition available in markets:
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A. Essenttials of soil sciences

B. Fundamentals of soil

C. The mechanics of soil

D. The nature and properties of soil
199. Oxygen and Silicon together comprise approximately ______ %of the earth crust?
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A. 79%

B. 64%

C. 73%

D. 75 %
200. Volcanic soils:
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A. Endsols

B. Aridisols

C. Gelisols

D. None of the above