2451. The lands which are rich in soluble salts and exchangeable sodium:
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A. Saline-Alkaline

B. None of the above

C. Alkaline

D. Saline soil

2452. _____________industry is the backbone industry of Pakistan?
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A. Mining Industry

B. Agricultural industry

C. Petroleum industry

D. None of these

2456. Soil samples are collected:
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A. Field with upper white layer of salts

B. Boundaries of the field

C. From the field with immediate application of fertilizer or amendments

D. None of these
2457. Being a soil scientist, do you know which is the popular book of soil science of Nyle.C.brady, 14th edition available in markets:
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A. The mechanics of soil

B. Essenttials of soil sciences

C. Fundamentals of soil

D. The nature and properties of soil
2459. Which mulch reduce soil temperature?
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A. Polythene

B. White polythene

C. Black polythene

D. Both B&C

2460. Most abundant organic compound in nature?
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A. All of these

B. Lignin

C. Cellulose

D. Hemicellulose

2461. Micas have isomorphous substitution:____________?
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A. Predominantly in tetrahedral layer

B. Predominantly in octahedral layer

C. Both a & b

D. The statement is wrong

2464. Soil is a mixture of__________?
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A. Air

B. All of the above

C. Minerals And organic matter

D. Water

2465. Ground water refers to the________?
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A. Water regulation

B. Water quality determination

C. Aquifer location

D. Installation of wells

2467. The planned development, distribution and use water resources:
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A. Water distribution

B. Water management

C. both A & B

D. None of the above

2468. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is a well-accepted approach for the sustainable management of________?
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A. Soil Productivity

B. Increased crop production

C. both a and B

D. None of these

2472. Sustainable Technologies to Control Water-Logging:
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A. Planting of eucalyptus in water-logged areas.

B. All of these

C. Installation of tube-wells for irrigation and vertical drainage.

D. Planning and designing of future canals on proper lines.

2473. What is the pH of calcareous soils?
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A. 6.5-7.5

B. 8.5-9.0

C. 8.0-8.5

D. 7.0-7.5

2475. Urea Toxicity is also called ______________________?
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A. Blood Toxicity

B. Urine Toxicity

C. None of above

D. NH3 Toxicity
2476. Fe, Zn, Mn, Mo, Co, Ni, Cu, are also called __________:
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A. Micro elements

B. Trace elements

C. Both A & B

D. None of these

2477. Water-erosion can be reduced / controlled by:___________?
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A. Provision of surface-cover that intercepts the rain before hitting the soil.

B. Reducing the amount of runoff by promoting infiltration.

C. Both a & b

D. None of the above

2480. Browning disease of rice is a_________?
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A. The above statement is wrong

B. Bacterial & fungal disease

C. Physiological disease

D. Viral disease

2481. Conservation agriculture improves the water use efficiency of dryland systems. It has components:
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A. Crop rotations for better utilization of available water & nutrients

B. all of the above

C. Residue return to keep at least 30% of soil covered

D. Reduced soil disturbance through no-till or minimum till

2484. The evolution of new species is known as_____________?
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A. Smog

B. Speciation

C. Specialization

D. None of these

2485. The virus infecting bacteria is called:_________?
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A. Bacterin

B. Bacteriophage

C. Bacteroid

D. All of these

2486. Those Amino acids which the body cannot synthesized are called __________________________?
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A. Pietary non essential

B. None of above

C. Essential Amino acid

D. Dietary essential amino acid
2487. Most salt tolerant grass is___________?
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A. Giant star grass

B. All of the above

C. Kallar grass

D. Para grass

2489. International day of forest is celebrated on___________?
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A. March-21

B. None of the above

C. 3-Mar

D. 15-Mar

2493. Potassium (K) fixation capacity is maximum in:____________?
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A. Vermiculite

B. Montmorillonitic

C. Amorphous clay

D. Illite

2494. Rhizosphere is:
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A. Root surface

B. Area with in the roots

C. An area of soil in immediate vicinity around root

D. An area of soil in from root surface to 10 cm

2495. Soil Organic Matter (SOM) serves not only as a reservoir of all the required plant nutrients, but it:
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A. Maintains the productivity of soil

B. Provides energy for the microbial

C. Gives structure to the soil

D. All of these
2497. Who consider the various properties of soil in relation to plant production?
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A. Pedologist

B. agronomist

C. Edaphologists

D. Soil chemist

2500. Fe is trivalent in which of the chemical compound:
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A. None of these

B. Fe<sub>3</sub> (NO<sub>2</sub>)

C. Fe<sub>2</sub> (NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>

D. Fe (NO3)3