2401. AAS stands for:___________?
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A. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer

B. Asia agriculture society

C. Atom analyser solution

D. None of these

2402. Causes of Soil are:__________?
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A. Indiscriminate felling of trees

B. All of these

C. Over grazing

D. Mismanagement of irrigation syste

2403. All the SSP and some nitrophos are are manufactured locally by the National Fertilizer Corporation (NFC): SSP at_________?
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A. Haripur

B. All of these

C. Jaranwala

D. Faisalabad

2404. Which statement is true___________________?
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A. Etiolation and albinism are synonyms

B. Etiolation is physiological while albinism is genitival

C. Etiolation is not a reversible process

D. Etiolation is genetically while albinism is physiological

2405. The indicator used for estimation of the soil available boron is_______?
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A. Diphenyle

B. Mixed indicator

C. Azomethine-H

D. Phenolpthalein

2406. Soil erosion Occurs mainly in:_________?
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A. Inceptisols, Mollisols

B. Alfisols, Entisols

C. Both a & b

D. None of the above

2407. The credit for identifying the essentality of K, Ca, Mg and P to planta goes to________?
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A. Dr. Muhammad Sharif et al.

B. Theodore Saussure

C. C. Sprengel

D. Shafiq Khalil et al.

2408. 1 bar is equal to_________?
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A. 0.9869 atm

B. Wt. Of a 1020 cm water column

C. 75.01 cm high mercury column

D. All of these
2409. Ca, Mg, S are called__________?
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A. Excellent nutrients

B. Minor nutrients

C. None of these

D. Primary nutrients

2410. In Pakistan, Indus plains are formed from ___________ parent material which was transported by Indus river and its tributaries from Himalayas?
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A. Moraine

B. None of the above

C. Colluvial

D. Till

2411. Rocks and weathered materials transported by ___________ ,act as initial materials for soil formation?
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A. Wind

B. All of the above

C. Water

D. Glaciers

2412. Available water is held between?
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A. Only field capacity

B. Field capacity to super available water

C. Field capacity to wilting point

D. All of the above

2413. International Union of Soil Sciences(IUSS),foundedin___________?
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A. . 1924

B. 1624

C. 1724

D. 1824

2414. Weathering process-physical, chemical, and biological _______________, the rocks and minerals into simpler products which either accumulate in place or are transported to other places where they become soil parent materials?
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A. Disintegrate

B. Disentigrate

C. Decompose

D. Both a & c
2415. Organisms satisfying their carbon requirement as Co2 from atmosphere and energy requirement from oxidation of simple inorganic compound are called as_________?
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A. Photoautotroph

B. Saprophyte

C. None of these

D. Chemoautotroph
2416. Which element is found highest in earth crust?
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A. Sodium

B. Silicon

C. None of the above

D. Aluminum

2417. The kind, rate and intensity and pedogenic processes are controlled by ________ ,soil-forming factors?
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A. None of the above

B. 7

C. 6

D. 4

2418. Phosphorus deficiency is widespread in most (_____%) 0f the soils of Pakistan.
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A. 32%

B. 54%

C. 90%

D. 68%

2419. The water diffusivity has the units of:__________?
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A. cm2/s

B. cm2

C. s/cm

D. cm/s

2420. An intrazonal group of dark calcareous soils high in clay and having mainly montmorillonitic type clay are called as:________?
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A. Regur

B. Regosol

C. Ragour

D. Montmorillosol

2421. The soil samples are dried at _______________, for gravimetric soil analysis?
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A. 110 <sup>0</sup>C

B. 120 <sup>0</sup>C

C. both A and B

D. 105 0C
2422. following are types of weathering:
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A. Geo chemical weathering

B. Judo weathering

C. Pedo chemical weathering

D. both a and c
2423. The body of an insect is covered by a protective __________________ formed from chitin and protein. Depending upon its precise composition and thickness, the cuticle may be soft and flexible or hard and rigid; according to requirements, it may or may not be permeable or waterproof:
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A. Six- layered skin (cuticle)

B. Two-layered skin (cuticle)

C. None of the above

D. three-layered skin (cuticle)
2424. Wind transported materials if it is silt dominated is__________?
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A. Eolian

B. Loess

C. Colluvial

D. Alluvial

2425. Exposure of the manures to rains causes highest loss of___________?
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A. Cl

B. P

C. N

D. Cu

2426. Some times, AB/EB/BA/BE horizons in soil profile are present which are called__________?
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A. Transition horizons

B. All of the above

C. Little horizons

D. Master horizons

2427. According to the Soil survey of Pakistan, the total waterlogged summer-rain area in the country is:_________?
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A. 5.16 mha

B. 4.11 mha

C. 22.5 mha

D. The above statement is wrong

2428. Nitrosomonas and nitrobacter are together as called_____________?
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A. Nitosomonas

B. Nitrobacteria

C. Ammonification

D. Nitrification

2429. The credit for identifying the essentality of nitrogen to plants goes to________?
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A. Theodore-saussure

B. Dr.Muhammad Sharif

C. Sach and knoop

D. Shafiq Baloch at.el

2430. In Pakistan, approximately __________ mha of irrigated land is affected by salinization:
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A. 8.2 mha

B. 5.7 mha

C. 12.6 mha

D. None of the above

2431. Which of the following not iodine rich vegetable crops?
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A. Okra

B. French bean & capsicum

C. Brinjal

D. both B & C
2432. Silica tetrahedron is__________?
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A. Six sided arrangement

B. Eight sided arrangement

C. Four sided arrangement

D. both A & B

2433. Oxygen and Silicon together comprise approximately ______ %of the earth crust?
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A. 73%

B. 75 %

C. 64%

D. 79%

2434. Based on their diameters, soil pores are divided into:_________?
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A. Macro pores

B. Meso pores & Micro pores

C. Both A & B

D. The above statement is wrong

2435. __________ particles range in diameter between 0.02 to 0.002 mm:
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A. Sand

B. None of the above

C. Clay

D. Silt
2436. Specific heat is higher in:
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A. Clay

B. Humus

C. both A & B

D. Only Clay

2437. In Pakistan, Nitrophos is manufactured in_________?
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A. Multan

B. Sawat

C. Lasbella

D. Shikarpoor

2438. The insect head is essentially a capsule which encloses the brain and bears the usually external (ectognathous) mouthparts, the eyes and a pair of sensory antennae. The mouth part comprise basic sections as:
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A. a tongue-like hypopharynx; the jaws (mandibles)

B. All of these

C. The paired maxillae and a lower lip (labium).

D. An upper lip (labrum), lower (ventral) surface of which forms the epipharynx

2439. What is the effect of application of P2O5 fertilizer to a green manure leguminous crop in the availability of phosphorus to the succeeding crop?
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A. It does not affect the availability of phosphorous to succeeding crop

B. Green manure increases the availability in organic from to the next crop

C. Greater amount of phosphorus is taken up and converted into organic form, which is released on decomposition of green matter

D. It fixes the P2O5 through humus and reduces the availability..

2440. The mineral component of soil consists of_________?
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A. Air

B. Water

C. both A and B

D. none of the above
2441. Which chemical used to prevent evaporation from surface of water in water bodies?
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A. Cetyle alcohol

B. Methyle alcohol

C. both A and B

D. None of these

2442. Soil word derive from which language?
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A. None of the above

B. Greek

C. Latin

D. English

2443. Father of soil conservation and Father of Pedology respectively?
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A. Winogradsky & R. Morphy

B. Winogradsky & Dokuchaev

C. Bennett & Dokuchaev

D. both A & B

2444. Which leaf of rice is sampled for tissue nutrient analysis?
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A. Mature leaf

B. Lower leaf

C. Both A & B

D. None of these
2445. Which one of the following clay mineral has the highest CEC?
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A. Vermiculite

B. Kaolinite

C. Illite

D. Montmorillonite

2446. Sulphur is an essential component of:__________?
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A. Cystine

B. Methionine

C. Cystein

D. All of these
2447. World biodiversity day is celebrated on:_________?
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A. 21-Mar

B. 22-Apr

C. May-22

D. 2-Mar

2448. Loss of nitrogen in the form of NH3 in alkaline medium is known as_________?
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A. None of these

B. Leaching

C. Volatilization

D. Denitrification

2449. Most out standing green manure crop is__________?
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A. Sun hemp

B. Dhaincha

C. Both of the above

D. None of the above

2450. _______________ of alluvium (stratified sediment) by earth-worms is the most important soil-forming process in the alluvial plain of Pakistan:
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A. Pedoturbation

B. Lessivage

C. Melanization

D. Homogenization