psychology Mcqs
851. An experiment psychology lab was first established in 1879 by ____________?
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A. None of the above

B. Sigmund Freud

C. Rene Descartes

D. William James

852. An experimenter investigates test anxiety in military academy cadets by utilizing galvanic skin response measurement. The GSR represents ____________?
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A. only operational definition of anxiety

B. intervening variable and operational definition of anxiety

C. dependent variable and operational definition of anxiety

D. independent variable and operational definition of anxiety

853. Presence of others may interfere with performance due to___________?
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A. Social loafing

B. Distraction

C. Social inhabitation

D. All of these
854. What procedure is used by experimenters to determine whether a difference between conditions of an experiment is large enough for us to have confidence in its validity?
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A. None of these

B. Statistical analysis

C. Scientific intuition

D. Correlation coefficient
855. Some employers allow their employees to create their own schedules within set parameters. This is called ___________?
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A. Time sharing

B. Job enrichment

C. Job sharing

D. Flextime
856. Psychology has been defined by psychologists as ___________?
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A. The study of behavior

B. The study of mental activity

C. None of these

D. The science that studies behavior and mental process

E. All of these

857. In which type of research a representative sample of people asked to answer questions about their behaviors or opinions?
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A. the survey

B. naturalistic observation

C. experiment

D. the case study

858. Many of the neo Freudians have modified Freuds original theory of personality to give more emphasis to ______________?
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A. Unconscious forces

B. Social and cultural factors

C. Childhood sexuality

D. None of these

E. Differences between the sexes

859. During the stage of concrete operations children ___________?
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A. Understand the concept of reversibility

B. Do not yet understand the concept of conversation

C. Are able to solve abstract problems

D. None of these

860. Concerns with meeting standards of excellence and accomplishing difficult tasks refer to need for___________?
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A. Power

B. Apperception

C. Affiliation

D. Achievement
861. The concept of introversion and extroversion was advanced by ___________?
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A. Kretshmer

B. Jaensch

C. Spranger

D. Jung
862. Improved job satisfaction result in__________ in work performance and ___________ in turnover?
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A. Increase: increase

B. No change: decrease

C. Increase: no change

D. Decrease: decrease

863. If psychology can be defined as the science of behavior and the mind, why are the data in psychology always drawn from behavior?
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A. behavior can be influenced by physiology and the mind cannot

B. behavior can be influenced by the environment and the mind cannot

C. All of above

D. behavior can be observed and the mind cannot
864. The color, smell and feeling of the flowers are relayed through what part of brain_______?
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A. Motor area

B. Thalamus

C. Acetylcholine

D. None of these

865. The portion of your nervous system which controls breathing and digestion is ___________?
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A. Autonomic

B. None of these

C. Axon

D. Linear circuit

866. The leading cause of mind retardation is believed to be ___________?
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A. Fetal alcohol syndrome

B. Organic brain syndrome

C. None of these

D. Inherited traits

E. Environmental factors

867. The assessment tools upon which clinicians depends gather information about their clients belong in which of the following categories ?
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A. Interviews

B. All of these choices

C. None of these

D. Observations

E. Tests

868. The psychoanalytic perspective is distinctive because it emphasizes that behavior is influenced by ___________?
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A. genetics, nutrition and blood chemistry

B. unconscious desires and unresolved conflicts

C. environmental forces

D. a conscious understanding of life circumstances

869. Self actualisation is proposed by ____________?
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A. Sigmund Freud

B. William James

C. Carl Roger

D. Abraham Mashlow
870. Development of any skill depends intimately on ____________?
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A. Muscle facility

B. Kinesthetic stimulation

C. Feedback

D. Abstractions

E. None of these

871. Clinical psychologists are most likely to be involved in _____________?
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A. providing therapy to troubled people

B. the experimental study of motivation and emotion

C. the systematic study of how people are influenced by enduring personality traits

D. assessing the linkages between biology and behavior

872. For best research control of genetic factors, which of the following should be used in experimentation?
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A. factor analysis

B. longitudinal approach

C. identical twins

D. siblings

873. Reviewing existing records to confirm a hypothesis about the behavior of a terrorist is _____________?
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A. survey research

B. field research

C. archival research

D. case study

874. Psychology arose in the nineteenth century from developmental in a number of area, primarily ____________?
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A. science and culture

B. science and philosophy

C. culture and philosophy

D. philosophy and religion

875. William James, James Cattell, John Dewey and E.L. Thorndike all belonged to which school of thought?
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A. None of the above

B. Behaviorist

C. Structuralist

D. Gestaltists

876. For which school of thought was psychology decidedly not the science of the mind?
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A. Gestalt psychology

B. behaviorism

C. None of these

D. structuralism

E. psychoanalysis

877. Which of the following could be attributed to Tolmans research?
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A. The role of classical conditioning in the formation of phobic disorders

B. The concept of cognitive map

C. Discovery of the law of effect

D. The negative effect of punishment

E. None of these

878. The ability to exercise precise control over a variable is what distinguishes the _____________ method from other methods of scientific observation?
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A. control group identification

B. experimental

C. randomized selection

D. hypothesis testing

879. A hypothesis is _____________?
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A. an explanation of a phenomenon

B. a testable prediction derived from a theory

C. the dependent variable

D. the independent variable

880. Psychophysics is the study of the relationship between ___________?
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A. Sensory attributes and physical energy

B. None of these

C. Perception and physiological process

D. Psychology and physics

881. Psychological theories ____________?
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A. do all the above

B. generate hypothesis

C. organize scientific observation

D. explain observed facts

882. Correlation studies _____________?
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A. indicate some relationship between two variables

B. involve manipulation of independent variables

C. indicate causality

D. are more valid than laboratory studies

883. Developmental psychologists believe that two factors that influence human development are ____________?
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A. Motivation and emotion

B. Self and others

C. Genetic makes up and experience

D. Rewards and punishments

884. The social distance scale is mainly a measure of ___________?
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A. Cohesiveness of a group

B. Upward social mobility

C. Social class differences

D. Ethnic attitude

E. None of these

885. As E scores of I-E scale show a general trend upward ___________?
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A. People show more reserve suspicion and withdrawal

B. Assassinations and events like Watergate and Vietnam increase

C. The ability for people to openly express themselves decrease

D. Both A and C

886. Clinicians attempting to systematically assess the abnormal behavior of a client will frequently _____________?
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A. Employ a battery of tests

B. Rely primarily on personality tests

C. None of these

D. Rely primarily on neuropsychological tests

E. Rely primarily on projective tests

887. With which field of scientific inquiry, the study of psychology is most concerned?
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A. the science of philosophy

B. the science of emotional and mental processes

C. the science of behavior and mental processes

D. the science of developmental processes

888. Which perspective is most concerned with identifying the limits of human reasoning?
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A. cognitive

B. social-cultural

C. biological

D. behavioral

889. The central concept in Gestalt therapy is_____________?
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A. Self-control

B. Awareness

C. Self-fulfillment

D. Desensitization

890. A between subjects design is less efficient than a within subjects design because ____________?
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A. it is less reliable

B. None of these

C. it must deal with difference among subjects

D. it has more subjects

E. it has less validity

891. Client-centered therapy is most consistent with the ___________?
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A. Humanistic approach

B. Behavioral approach

C. Cognitive approach

D. Psychodynamic approach

892. Studies show that an authoritarian family tends to produce an adolescent who is ___________?
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A. Independent but deserved

B. Self-reliant

C. Dependent and obedient

D. Surface-complaint but rebellious underneath

893. Illnesses that seem to result from an interaction of physical and psychological factors are called ____________?
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A. Somatic

B. Hysterical

C. Conversion disorders

D. Psychosomatic
894. The term germ cell when used in genetics refers to ___________?
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A. Somatic cells

B. Body cells

C. Ova and sperm cells

D. Both (A. and (B.

E. None of these

895. Human beings respond to their subjective cognitions about their world rather than to the objective environment is an argument for the effectiveness of ___________?
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A. Rankian therapy

B. Freudian therapy

C. Cognitive therapy

D. Primal therapy

896. The theory which suggests that people learn attitude by observing their own behavior is __________?
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A. None of these

B. Self-perception

C. Operant conditioning

D. CR

897. A psychologist explains you that learning can be best defined in terms of underlying thought process. What theory is being stated __________?
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A. Social learning

B. None of these

C. Cognitive learning

D. Trial and error

898. Which of the following identified universal symbolic images that appear in myths, art, dreams, and other expressions of the collective unconscious?
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A. Freud

B. Jung

C. Adler

D. All of these

E. Horney

899. When psychological tests are used in personal selection, an important concern regarding the tests is ___________?
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A. Cost

B. Ease of administration

C. Validity

D. None of these

E. Objectivity
900. The most helpful for revealing cause-and-effect relationship is __________?
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A. naturalistic observation

B. correlations

C. the survey

D. the experiment