miscellaneous Mcqs
651. Political parties link_____________?
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A. extremists to government

B. PACs to Congress

C. heterogeneous groups to coalitions

D. all of the above

652. According to the cultural transmission theory deviance is learned through________________?
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A. genetic inheritance

B. all of the above

C. close association with deviants

D. being labeled as deviant

653. Types of survey data include_______________?
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A. personal interviews

B. previously gathered statistical information

C. all of the above

D. naires

654. Studies of delinquent gangs indicate that____________?
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A. gangs are useful for society

B. gangs have no norms

C. none of the above

D. gang norms are substituted for societys norms in some cases
655. Democratic capitalism means that________________?
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A. the economy is regulated through legislation and taxation

B. all property belongs to the government

C. the individual is free to do anything as long as he/she has money

D. losers totally destroyed

657. A totalitarian regime______________?
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A. exhibits a centralized control of the economy

B. controls the mass media

C. all of the above

D. contains secret police

658. The concept of deviance refers to________________?
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A. going in the wrong direction

B. departure from social norms

C. bad manners

D. reversing one,s opinion

659. A modified version of elitist theory holds that_______________?
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A. elites vary in their degree of openness

B. elite members identify with middle-class values

C. the masses can on occasion influence the elite

D. all of the above
660. Communism emerged as an ideology in reaction to conditions following____________?
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A. starvation in Ireland

B. the Industrial Revolution

C. the French Revolution

D. the Protestant Reformation

662. The five pivotal institutions are__________________?
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A. the economy medicine family religion and education

B. the family the economy government the military and education

C. the military religion government family and education

D. the economy government religion family and education
663. The classic textbook model of democracy is referred to as the__________________?
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A. referendum model

B. majoritarian model

C. Lockean model

D. Madisonian model

664. Marx,s view of social class is that______________?
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A. private ownership of the means of production perpetuates class divisions

B. the bourgeoisie will eventually triumph

C. religion helps fight social inequality

D. talented people will always rise to the top

665. If culture is comparable to a script for a play then______________?
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A. the economy may be compared to the director

B. society may be compared to a troupe of actors

C. individuals may be compared to playwrights

D. social scientists may be compared to stage hands

666. The market system consists of planning by__________________?
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A. tradition

B. command

C. inducement

D. direction

667. Bureaucracy and extensive social differentiation initially occur in the historical transition from_____________?
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A. pastoral to horticultural society

B. agricultural to industrial society

C. hunting and gathering to pastoral society

D. horticultural to agricultural society
668. Which is NOT an aim of the process of socialization ?
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A. To transmit skills important in the society

B. To teach infants the fundamentals of life in society

C. To teach infants to sit stand walk and run in that order

D. To instill societal aspirations

669. The term constitutional is reserved to describe________________?
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A. a government that is no subject to restraints on political power

B. a government that operates in accordance with general rules and limitations

C. a government that acts arbitrarily

D. an agreement or treaty in written form

670. Sapir and Whorf believe that______________?
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A. the structure of a language shapes a people view of the world

B. preverbal communication is more important than verbal

C. languages are limited to the number of words for any given object

D. language has no part in mental attitudes

672. To some degree according to some research heredity determines_____________?
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A. leadership abilities

B. sociability

C. the ability to control impulses

D. all of the above
673. Corporations and labor unions_____________?
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A. may establish their own PACs

B. cannot contribute to congressional candidates

C. can give soft money to a national party for state and local campaigns

D. may use union or corporate funds to administer PACs

E. all of the above
674. Scientific conclusions are_________________?
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A. personal opinions of important scholars

B. absolute truths for all times

C. universally accepted

D. relative to time and place of study and subject to revision
675. The opposite of the rule of law is________________?
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A. the rule of reason

B. the rule of men

C. anarchy

D. the rule of custom

676. Kohlberg,s three stages of moral development are_______________?
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A. pre-conventional conventional and post-conventional

B. charismatic traditional and legal-rational

C. conventional post conventional and legal-rational

D. pre-conventional authoritarian and post-conventional

677. A person who is suddenly set down on a commune in rural China would most likely undergo ?
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A. the process of resocialization

B. the process of the Lookingglass

C. change to conform to the Chinese modal personality

D. a severe anxiety attacks

678. A secondary group is characterized by_________________?
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A. small size

B. formal interaction

C. intimacy

D. daily contact

679. Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are associated with the following theories of personality.
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A. environmental determinism

B. psychoanalytic

C. development

D. stressing self-concept and self-actualization
680. A persons family in addition to being a primary group is also a______________?
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A. Gesellschaft

B. membership

C. reference group

D. voluntary group

681. The chief reason that Congress is so ineffective is________________?
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A. that the Constitution delegates it so little power

B. a result of the gradual emergence of the Supreme Court as a legislative body

C. the traditional organization of the legislative branch

D. the development of the power of state governments

682. A mother preparing lunch for her child is an example of a(n)______________?
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A. unliberated women

B. status

C. macrolevel behavior

D. role
683. Political parties in the U.S function to______________?
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A. provide personnel to run the government

B. define the interests of the people in the form of a platform

C. all of the above

D. engage in political socialization

684. Defense mechanisms function to________________?
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A. ward off sexual advances

B. deceive sexual targets

C. protect the superego

D. deflect anxiety
685. A researcher will settle for pinpointing a correlation when ?
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A. research monies are not forthcoming

B. a causal relationship is difficult to prove

C. variables are vaguely defined

D. a causal relationship is of no consequence
686. Constitutions are________________?
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A. meant to establish the rule of men

B. always written

C. intended to limit governmental power

D. blueprints for monarchies

687. Whenever a third party becomes significant its platform _______________ ?
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A. is declared unconstitutional

B. is integrated into the platforms of the two main parties

C. becomes a social movement

D. is rejected by the two main parties

688. The federal system has worked particularly well in_________________?
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A. small homogeneous countries

B. large sized countries with regional differences

C. large homogeneous single religion countries

D. small urban industrial countries

689. The dialectic is based on_____________?
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A. conflicts between rich and poor countries

B. two extreme positions giving rise to a middle position

C. imperialism being destroyed by capitalism

D. polarization forcing societies to split up

690. A theory is a______________?
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A. scientific law

B. set of concepts and generalization

C. hunch regarding reality

D. speculation about truth and beauty

691. Organization differ from institutions in that________________?
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A. all of the above

B. only a few organizations last long enough to become institutions

C. one cannot join an institution

D. institutions are organizations in which people no longer discuss the basis of the rules

692. Systems of beliefs and behavior designed to meet basic human needs are called ?
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A. institutions

B. the welfare system

C. religions

D. government

693. Faulty role performance ?
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A. all of the above

B. sometimes occurs by chance

C. could mean that another role is being performed well

D. may create much stress

694. Judicial review by the Supreme Court is based on____________?
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A. an act of Congress

B. explicit statements in the Constitution

C. the First Amendment to the Constitution

D. the Marbury v Madison decision
695. Surveys of American voters reveal_______________?
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A. a general support of the government

B. a general cynicism about government

C. full support of democratic principles

D. the majority of people and political leaders are equally committed to democratic values

696. The scientific method in the social sciences ?
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A. is as effective as in the natural sciences

B. has been found to be totally useless

C. has led to great discoveries in the human knowledge of the physical universe

D. is hampered by difficulties in attaining objectivity
697. Formal organizations have_______________?
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A. no ranking of their members

B. little durability

C. clearly stated goals and policies

D. no people in them

698. Among the factors that favor individual mobility are_________________?
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A. none of the above

B. one of many children

C. late marriage

D. rural residence

699. The biological explanations of deviance include____________?
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A. Sheldon,s mesomorphs

B. Lombroso,s criminal types

C. the extra Y chromosome

D. all of the above