3001. In cotton, zn deficiency is known as_________?
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A. None of these

B. Mottle leaf

C. Fern leaf

D. Little leaf
3002. What is the optimum temperature and pH for nitrifying bacteria ?
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A. All of thses

B. 30-35 c, pH 5.5

C. 25-40 c, pH 8-8.5

D. >35 c, pH less than 5

3003. From the point of view of crop production, Soil testing refers to______________?
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A. Laboratory analysis assessing plant available nutrient status

B. Collection of plant leaves samples only

C. Salinity & elemental toxicity of a soil

D. Both A & C
3004. Weathering process-physical, chemical, and biological _______________, the rocks and minerals into simpler products which either accumulate in place or are transported to other places where they become soil parent materials?
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A. Disintegrate

B. Disentigrate

C. Decompose

D. Both a & c
3005. The lands which are rich in soluble salts and exchangeable sodium:
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A. None of the above

B. Alkaline

C. Saline-Alkaline

D. Saline soil

3006. What kind of nitrogenous (N) fertilizers should not be used for flooded soil:
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A. Ammonical

B. Nitrate

C. Ammonical-nitrate

D. Both B & C
3007. Based on their diameters, soil pores are divided into:_________?
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A. Macro pores

B. Meso pores & Micro pores

C. Both A & B

D. The above statement is wrong

3008. About 40% of the total area of Pakistan is affected by wind erosion. this includes:_________?
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A. Tharparkar & vast areas of Balochistan

B. All of the above

C. Parts of Mianwali and D.G

D. Thal, Cholistan

3009. The major soil fertility problems in Pakistani soils deficiencies of N, P and Zn. Deficiencies K, Fe, and B also occur in specific crop genotypes or soil types, while deficiencies of S, Cu, and Mn are negligible. however, the common nutrient deficiencies are_________________: and some micronutrients including Mo?
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A. N, P, K

B. Ca, Mg, S

C. both A & B

D. The above statement is wrong

3010. Journal Plant and Soil is published from__________?
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A. The Neterlands

B. USA

C. Japan

D. Pakistan

3011. Any tillage and planting system that maintains at least 30% of the soil surface covered by residue after planting for the purpose of reducing soil erosion by water:
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A. Deep Tillage

B. Conservation Tillage

C. Both a & b

D. None of these

3012. Water is the major constituent of all living creatures. Biomass of plants is composed of ________% water:
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A. 72 62%

B. 65 75%

C. 85 95%

D. 75% 80%

3013. Water occupied the larger soil pores and moves down readily under the force of gravity. Water in excess of the field capacity is termed:
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A. Gravitational water

B. Capillary water

C. None of the above

D. Hygroscopic water

3014. Water-erosion can be reduced / controlled by:___________?
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A. Provision of surface-cover that intercepts the rain before hitting the soil.

B. Reducing the amount of runoff by promoting infiltration.

C. Both a & b

D. None of the above

3015. The very high temperatures required for ICP-AES are attained by__________?
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A. Plasma

B. None of these

C. Carbon

D. Quartz

3016. The capacity of a soil to function on sustained basis promoting plant & animal health:
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A. Soil neutrality

B. Soil quality

C. Both a & b

D. None of these

3017. The largest soil order in Pakistan?
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A. Vertisols

B. Aridisols

C. Entisols

D. Inceptisols

3018. Specific heat of organic matter is______?
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A. None of these

B. 0.22

C. 0.44

D. 0.33

3019. Most out standing green manure crop is__________?
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A. Sun hemp

B. Dhaincha

C. Both of the above

D. None of the above

3020. Essentiality criteria of an element :
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A. The role played by an element is specific & can not be replaced by another element.

B. The element is directly involved in the nutrition of the plant.

C. In the absence of an element, its not possible for plant to complete its vegetative cycle.

D. All of these
3021. One ha cm of water is equal to__________?
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A. 100 tonnes of water

B. 100000 litres of water

C. Both A & B

D. 10 tonnes of water

3022. Being a soil scientist, do you know which is the popular book of soil science of Nyle.C.brady, 14th edition available in markets:
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A. Essenttials of soil sciences

B. Fundamentals of soil

C. The mechanics of soil

D. The nature and properties of soil
3023. Oxygen and Silicon together comprise approximately ______ %of the earth crust?
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A. 79%

B. 64%

C. 73%

D. 75 %
3024. Volcanic soils:
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A. Endsols

B. Aridisols

C. Gelisols

D. None of the above
3025. A and B horizon is called as_________?
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A. Solam

B. Inner core

C. None of the above

D. Regolith

3026. Basalt is a __________ rock:
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A. fine-grained

B. Dark coloured

C. both A & B

D. None of the above

3027. following are types of weathering:
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A. Geo chemical weathering

B. Judo weathering

C. Pedo chemical weathering

D. both a and c
3028. A horizon of the soil is also designated:
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A. Eluvistal horizon

B. Illuviated horizon

C. Alluvial horizon

D. None of the above.
3029. What is the concentration of pure water?
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A. 55.5 mol/L

B. 45.5 mol/L

C. Both a and b

D. none of these

3030. What is the effect of application of P2O5 fertilizer to a green manure leguminous crop in the availability of phosphorus to the succeeding crop?
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A. It fixes the P2O5 through humus and reduces the availability..

B. Green manure increases the availability in organic from to the next crop

C. Greater amount of phosphorus is taken up and converted into organic form, which is released on decomposition of green matter

D. It does not affect the availability of phosphorous to succeeding crop
3031. Which of the following are secondary minerals:
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A. Clay minerals

B. All of the above

C. Iron and aluminiumoxides

D. Amorphous silicates

3032. The following types of check dams have been tried in Pakistan:
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A. Cement & stone check dams

B. Brushwood check dams

C. All of the above

D. Loose stone or wire-bound check dams

3033. A set of soils with same parent material, topography, climate and biota but different age is called_________?
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A. Topography

B. Topo sequence

C. Catena

D. Chrono sequence
3034. The relative abundance of three types of rocks ( igneous-metamorphic- sedimentary) in the earths crust is_________?
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A. 12.5 % -12.5 % 75%

B. 64.7 % 27.4 % 7.9 %

C. 7.9% 27.7 % 64.4

D. none of A & B

3035. In land capability classification, class I-Iv are suitable for:_________?
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A. Suitable for grazing

B. Unsuitable for any agricultural use

C. Suitable for cultivated farming

D. Suitable for forestry

3036. The indicator used for estimation of the soil available boron is_______?
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A. Azomethine-H

B. Phenolpthalein

C. Diphenyle

D. Mixed indicator

3037. Organic (O) horizon is absent in_________?
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A. Non-arable soils

B. Histosols

C. Mollisols

D. Arable soils
3038. _________is probably the most important growth limiting factor in acid soils especially those having pH below 5.0-5.5?
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A. Nitrogen

B. Potassium

C. Calcium

D. Aluminium
3039. __________ particles range in diameter between 0.02 to 0.002 mm:
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A. None of the above

B. Sand

C. Clay

D. Silt
3040. The term rhizosphere was coined by:___________?
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A. Winogrdsky

B. Hiltner

C. Baussingault

D. Liebig

3041. Causes of Soil are:__________?
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A. All of these

B. Mismanagement of irrigation syste

C. Indiscriminate felling of trees

D. Over grazing

3042. The marble is a__________?
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A. Thermo metamorphic

B. Not sure

C. Dynamo metamorphic

D. Hydro metamorphic

3043. Phosphorus deficiency is widespread in most (_____%) 0f the soils of Pakistan.
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A. 32%

B. 68%

C. 54%

D. 90%

3044. Granite and Basalt are examples of:___________?
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A. Stratified rocks

B. >None of the above

C. Aqueous rocks

D. Sedimentary Rocks

3045. What is a soil horizon?
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A. All of these

B. Soil structure

C. Soil texture

D. Layers of soil
3046. Roots usually occupy :__________?
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A. 1% or less of soil volume

B. 30% or less of soil volume

C. 10% or less of soil volume

D. 20% or less of soil volume

3047. In low-rainfall areas, huge shifting sand dunes are commonly found, particularly near human habitations. Techniques of afforesting the shifting dunes needed to be implemented. These techniques consist of___________?
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A. Treatment of shifting sand-dunes by fixing barriers in parallel stripes or in a chess-board design, using the local shrub material starting from the crest of the dunes to protect the seedlings from burial or exposure by the blowing of sand.

B. Protection against biotic interference

C. Both a & b

D. None of these

3048. Which element is known as chemical police man of plant?
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A. All of the above

B. Potassium

C. Phosphorus

D. Magnesium

3049. _________ erosion is the removal of a thin layer of soil by water acting over the whole surface. This type of erosion damaged very fertile lands located on slopes, some of which have been eroded to a depth of about 15 cm.
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A. Stream bank erosion

B. Rain splash rill erosion

C. Sheet erosion

D. Gully erosion

3050. 1 mg of H+ will be equal to_________?
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A. 12 mg of Mg2+

B. 20 mg of ca2+

C. 9 mg of Al3+

D. All of the above