2951. Examples of macrobiota are______________________?
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A. Bacteria

B. Fungus

C. Enchytrids

D. Plants

2952. Losses of soil water not includes_________?
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A. Direct evaporation from the soil & transpiration from vegetation

B. Surface run-off from the field

C. down-ward drainage

D. Hydroponics loss
2953. The albedo of the earth is:__________?
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A. 10%

B. 30%

C. 35%

D. 20%

2954. The soil quality is always deteriorated by:_________?
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A. All of these

B. Nutrient mining

C. Waterlogging & salinization

D. Erosion & pollution

2955. All the SSP and some nitrophos are are manufactured locally by the National Fertilizer Corporation (NFC): SSP at_________?
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A. All of these

B. Jaranwala

C. Faisalabad

D. Haripur

2956. What are diatoms?
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A. None of these

B. Soil Bacteria

C. Soil Algae

D. Soil Fungi

2957. Systematic examination of soil in the field and laboratories, their description and grouping according to classification system:
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A. Soel survay

B. The answer of statement is not in options

C. Detailed soil survey

D. Reconnaissance survey

2958. Soil word derive from which language?
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A. Latin

B. Greek

C. English

D. None of the above

2959. Soil-forming minerals occurring in rocks do not contain any water, they undergo ______________ when exposed to humid conditions & break down as in chemical weathering process:
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A. Dissolution

B. Acidification

C. Hydration

D. Carbonation

2960. International Union of Forest Research Organization (IUFRO) is located:
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A. Pakistan

B. Germany

C. Austria

D. Both a & b

2961. Soils that have more than 20% organic matter are termed as:__________?
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A. Organic soils

B. Peat soils

C. Muck soils

D. All of these
2962. Igneous rocks are called:__________?
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A. Secondary rocks

B. None of the above

C. Aqueous rocks

D. Primary rocks
2963. Available water is held between?
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A. Field capacity to wilting point

B. Only field capacity

C. Field capacity to super available water

D. All of the above

2964. The practice of managing rows of closely planted woody plants with annual crops planted in alleys in between hedges is called as:________?
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A. Soil conservation hedges

B. Hedgerows intercropping

C. Woody Hedgerows

D. All of these

2965. Which of the following techniques is/are used for the soil fertility evaluation?
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A. Aspergillus niger test

B. Plant tissue testing

C. Soil testing

D. All of these
2966. According to FCO, the maximum permissible total N content in the form of urea in DAP should be:_________?
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A. 3.50%

B. 2.50 %

C. 5.50%

D. 4,50 %

2967. Metamorphic rocks are classified into:___________?
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A. Foliated metamorphic rocks

B. Non-foliated metamorphic rocks

C. Both a & b

D. None of a & b

2968. _________refers to the increase in density of a soil as a result of applied load or pressure?
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A. Plough soles

B. Compaction

C. Traffic soles

D. Pudding

2969. Pakistan being predominantly an arid and semiarid country, In addition to agricultural productivity losses and increasing poverty, desertification results in significant reductions in _________?
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A. Contributing to global warming

B. All of these

C. loss of biodiversity

D. Carbon storage in soils

2970. AAS stands for:___________?
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A. None of these

B. Asia agriculture society

C. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer

D. Atom analyser solution

2971. Which of the following statement is wrong regarding, Soil ____________?
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A. Engineering medium & modifies the atmosphere

B. Medium for plant growth & Habitat for organisms

C. Regulates water supply & recycles waste materials

D. Dirt which is threat to all living life & crop production
2972. In flood rice, snail feed on bacteria called__________________?
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A. Helix

B. Limnea

C. Azolla

D. None of the above

2973. The process of deposition of soil materials in the lower layer is termed as:_________?
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A. Laterization

B. Eluviation

C. Podzolization

D. Illuviation
2974. In Pakistan, the major phosphatic fertilizers are:
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A. Nitrophos

B. DAP

C. All of Above

D. SSP

2975. Potassium (K) occurs as a constituent of the earths crust in the proportion of_________?
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A. 23%

B. 2.3 %

C. 17%

D. 1.70%

2976. Soil Organic Matter (SOM) serves not only as a reservoir of all the required plant nutrients, but it:
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A. Maintains the productivity of soil

B. Provides energy for the microbial

C. Gives structure to the soil

D. All of these
2977. Ground water refers to the________?
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A. Water quality determination

B. Aquifer location

C. Water regulation

D. Installation of wells

2978. Micas have isomorphous substitution:____________?
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A. Predominantly in tetrahedral layer

B. Predominantly in octahedral layer

C. Both a & b

D. The statement is wrong

2979. The indicator used for the the estimation of the organic matter or organic carbon is;_________?
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A. Mixed indicator

B. Diphenylamine indicator

C. Both a and b

D. None of the above

2980. The removal of excess water from the ground surface is called:________?
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A. Sub-surface drainage

B. Drainage

C. All of the above

D. Surface operations
2981. Which of the following is not the soil order prevail in Pakistan?
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A. None of the above

B. Mollisols

C. Aridisols

D. Alfisols

2982. Fe is trivalent in which of the chemical compound:
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A. Fe<sub>2</sub> (NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>

B. Fe (NO3)3

C. Fe<sub>3</sub> (NO<sub>2</sub>)

D. None of these

2983. BGA was discovered as a nitrogen fixer in paddy field by ?
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A. Beijerinck

B. None of the above

C. Fred

D. P.K dey
2984. _______________ of alluvium (stratified sediment) by earth-worms is the most important soil-forming process in the alluvial plain of Pakistan:
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A. Homogenization

B. Melanization

C. Pedoturbation

D. Lessivage

2985. The soils in which the weathered material is taken away to other place by several agents are called__________?
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A. Transported soil

B. Aeolian soil

C. Alluvial soil

D. None of these

2986. Which of the following soil has the highest water holding capacity_________?
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A. Sand soil

B. Silt soil

C. None of these

D. Forest soil
2987. In Pakistan there is general deficiency of rainfall. It varies from 125 mm annually in upper Sindh to about 900 mm in the sub-mountainous of northern Pakistan. In Balochistan the mean annual rainfall is about 200 mm, diminishing to ________ mm in the desert of Kharan:
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A. >70 mm

B. None of these

C.

D. 100 mm

2988. New soils, no or little profile development:
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A. Aridisols

B. Inceptisols

C. Entisols

D. Andisols

2989. Inceptisols:___________?
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A. Young soils with few horizons

B. Organic soils

C. Dry soils

D. Volcanic soils

2990. Soil pores created by the animal such as earthworm and plant root are called_________?
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A. Diameter

B. Biopores

C. Mesopores

D. Microspores

2991. Soil erosion is __________ of soil from one place ti another place by natural agencies (wind & water):
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A. Detachement of soil

B. Transportation

C. both A & B

D. None of these

2992. Who will decompose organic matter first:
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A. Basidiomycetes

B. Bacteria

C. Fungi imperfecti

D. Actinomycetes

2993. Rhizoplane is________?
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A. Root surface

B. Area within the roots

C. An area of soil from root surface to 5 cm

D. All of them

2994. Which one of the following clay mineral has the highest CEC?
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A. Montmorillonite

B. Vermiculite

C. Kaolinite

D. Illite

2995. The horizons O, A, E and B (other than r and C) are collectively called_____________?
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A. inner core

B. Solum

C. Regolith

D. Outer core

2996. Organic matter decomposes rapidly in Pakistani soils because of ____________ conditions, that is why our soils generally have < 1% organic matter:
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A. High temperature

B. Alkaline

C. Both a & b

D. None of a & b

2997. Soil erosion Occurs mainly in:_________?
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A. Inceptisols, Mollisols

B. Alfisols, Entisols

C. Both a & b

D. None of the above

2998. Peat soils are not present in Pakistan because these are formed in___________?
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A. Cool climate

B. Acidic conditions

C. both A & B

D. None of the above

2999. Specific heat is higher in:
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A. Clay

B. Humus

C. both A & B

D. Only Clay

3000. The basic form of present day Universal soil loss equation (USLE), initially involved the use of factors such as ________?
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A. R, K, S and L

B. R, K and S

C. R and K

D. R, K, S, L, C and P