2851. The forest soils have lower bulk density than agricultural soils because of their ______ content.
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A. High organic matter

B. Low organic matter

C. Both a & b

D. None of these

2852. Generally speaking, only level to nearly level (0-2 % slope) & gently sloping lands (2-5 % slope) should be:
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A. brought under range crops

B. Forests

C. Both a & b

D. None of the above
2853. Conversion of inorganic P to organic P is known as:_________?
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A. Mineralization

B. Immobilization

C. Solubilization

D. both A & C

2854. In acidic soil which form of phosphorus uptake by plants?
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A. Both

B. None of these

C. Secondary orthophosphate

D. Primary orthophosphate
2855. Deforestation may decrease the chances of__________?
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A. land sliding

B. None of these

C. Wind erosion

D. Rainfall
2856. Auxin is_______?
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A. An enzyme

B. A vitamin

C. A protein

D. A hormone
2857. The drawbacks of erosion can be divided into:__________?
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A. Onsite damages

B. Offsite damages

C. Both A & B

D. None of the above

2858. One of the following is not a form of water erosion:
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A. Sheet erosion

B. Rainsplash erosion

C. Saltation

D. Rill erosion

2859. Availability of Phosphorus is maximum at:__________?
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A. Acidic

B. Neutral

C. None of these

D. Alkaline

2860. The study of relationship between soil properties & plant production is known as:_________?
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A. Soil Science

B. None of these

C. Agronomy

D. Pedology

2861. How many type of soil colloids?
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A. 4

B. 2

C. 5

D. 6

2862. Almost one third of the land area through out the world is affected by land degradation. Pakistans agriculture sector though facilitates employment to >65% but is facing challenges from:
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A. Erosion

B. All of the above

C. Waterlogging

D. Salinity

2863. Irregular rock masses formed in the pre-existing cracks & crevices are:__________?
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A. Lacoliths

B. Sills

C. Batholiths

D. Dikes

2864. A & B horizon is called as:________?
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A. None of the above

B. Poly-pedon

C. Series

D. Regolith

2865. Which nutrients are immobile in plants?
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A. Ca only

B. B only

C. P only

D. Both Ca & B
2866. The capacity of a soil to function on sustained basis promoting plant and animal health:
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A. Soil Pollution

B. Soil Salinity

C. Soil Quality

D. None of these

2867. Which is the correct sequence of soil erosion by water:
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A. Rill-Sheet-Gully

B. Sheet-Rill-Gully

C. Gully-Sheet-Rill

D. None of these

2868. Nitrogen & sulphur dioxide liberate from motor vehicles & industries. Nitrogen & Sulphur gases dissolve in the water vapour of atmosphere & form nitric & sulphuric acid. This rain water falls on soil as__________ & contaminates soil also:
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A. Acid rain

B. Neutral rain

C. Both A & B

D. None of the above

2869. Azotobacter fixes atmospheric nitrogen in the soil by:__________?
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A. Non-symbiotically

B. None of these

C. Can fix A & B

D. Symbiotically

2870. Immobile nutrient in soil is:_________?
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A. P

B. Mg

C. None of the above

D. N

2871. Soil order Vertisol is related to:_________?
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A. Black soils

B. River soils

C. Marine deposits

D. Both B & c

2872. N and P sprayed on the leaves at time of flowering results in:________?
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A. Increase in fruit yield

B. None of these

C. Improve their protein

D. Increase fruit yeid & protein
2873. Vegetation found in saline soils is termed by _________?
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A. Viticphyics

B. Hetrophyics

C. Halophyte

D. Hortiphyics

2874. Soil conservation is performed by:_________?
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A. By heavy irrigation

B. Excessive grazing

C. By plantation

D. Cutting trees

2875. Soil additive which stabilizes the soil, improves resistance to erosion, increases to permeability to air & water, improves texture, eases cultivation or otherwise improves soil quality:
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A. Soil amendment

B. Soil conditioner

C. Both a & b

D. None of the above

2876. In alkaline soil which form of phosphorus uptake by plants?
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A. Secondary orthophosphate

B. None of these

C. Primary orthophosphate

D. both

2877. What happens when an saline-alkaline soil is reached with water:
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A. pH decrease, Ec increase

B. pH & Ec both increase

C. pH increase & Ec decrease

D. None of these

2878. Ammonium sulfate fertilizer containing 21% N & 24% S, is best in top dressing in:_________?
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A. Rice

B. Barley

C. Date palm

D. None of these

2879. Moderately toxic compound:_________?
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A. All of the above

B. Nickle

C. Fluorine

D. Lead

2880. Shallow channels that can be readily corrected by routine tillage operations is called:
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A. Permanent gullies

B. Ephemeral gullies

C. Both A & B

D. None of these

2881. The clay fraction of the soil contains particles less than 0.002 mm. Particles <0.001 mm size:
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A. Soil Silt

B. Soil colloids

C. Soil loam

D. Soil sand

2882. Potassium plays a significant role in the transport of water & nutrients through the plant in the xylem. When the supply of K is reduced, the transportation of ___________________ is depressed:
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A. Calcium, magnesium

B. Nitrates, Phosphates

C. All of the above

D. Amino acids

2883. Wash-in takes place in which horizon?
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A. B

B. E

C. O

D. A

2884. Rocks and weathered materials transported by ___________ ,act as initial materials for soil formation?
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A. Glaciers

B. Wind

C. Water

D. All of the above
2885. Ca, Mg, S are called__________?
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A. Primary nutrients

B. Minor nutrients

C. Excellent nutrients

D. None of these
2886. During decomposition of organic matter, inititial decomposition is dominated by:__________?
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A. Actinomycetes

B. Bacteria

C. Fungi

D. Both B & C

2887. Each layer of phyllosilicates is composed of two types of sheets:
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A. Tetrahedral sheet

B. Triple octahedral sheet

C. Octahedral sheet

D. Both A & C
2888. Browning disease of rice is a_________?
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A. Viral disease

B. Bacterial & fungal disease

C. Physiological disease

D. The above statement is wrong

2889. The dominance of acidity creates toxicity?
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A. Mg

B. Mo

C. Al

D. Zn

2890. What is Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM)?
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A. Bacteria

B. Fungi

C. both A & B

D. None of the above

2891. Composition of igneous rock is determined by___________?
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A. Depth of molten magma

B. Composition of molten magma

C. Both A and B

D. Composition can not be determined.

2892. ___________ , considered a perfect soil, is a mixture of silt, clay and sand:
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A. Loam

B. Loamy sand

C. Sandy loam

D. Clay

2893. Phosphorus (P) is the second major nutrient essential for plant growth. With the exception of Nitrogen (N) and Potassium (K), Phosphorus is required by plants in_________?
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A. Greater quantities

B. Not required

C. Lesser quantities

D. The above statement is wrong

2894. In Pakistan, Indus plains are formed from ___________ parent material which was transported by Indus river and its tributaries from Himalayas?
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A. Colluvial

B. None of the above

C. Moraine

D. Till

2895. The most suitable species for reclamation of sandy soils is:_________?
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A. Casuarina equiselifolia

B. Acacia spp

C. All of the above

D. Azadirachta indica
2896. ______________ consist of particles that are produced by disintegration of pre-existing rocks through the process of weathering:
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A. Clastics

B. Non-clastics

C. both A & B

D. None of the above

2897. International Union of Soil Sciences(IUSS),foundedin___________?
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A. 1824

B. 1724

C. . 1924

D. 1624

2898. 1 bar is equal to_________?
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A. 0.9869 atm

B. All of these

C. Wt. Of a 1020 cm water column

D. 75.01 cm high mercury column

2899. Accumulation of soluble salts in soil________?
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A. All off these

B. Desalinization

C. Alkalization

D. Salinization
2900. The percentage of calcium content in single superphosphate?
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A. 19.5%

B. 24%

C. 30%

D. 25%