sociology Mcqs
551. The life-course model views aging as______________?
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A. a process shaped by the forces of capitalism

B. a process that continues from birth to death

C. a process shaped by psychological decline

D. a process of adapting to changing social roles

552. Structural-Functionalists describe society as_____________?
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A. a source of conflict inequality and alienation

B. an unstable structure of social relations

C. a normative framework of roles and institutions

D. a complex network of interaction at a micro-level

553. Which of the following theorists rejects the notion of essential categories of male and female through her discussion of the performative aspect of gender ?
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A. Helene Cixous

B. Judith Butler

C. Simone de Beauvoir

D. Joan Acker

554. Which of the following is a nation without a state ?
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A. Tibet

B. Belgium

C. Israel

D. all of these

555. Feminist perspectives are distinctive in sociology because______________?
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A. they emphasize the centrality of gender in social analysis

B. other theoretical perspectives have not researched women

C. only women can write from a feminist perspective

D. men and women view the and world in different ways

556. Some of the institutions of a society are______________?
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A. Family and Religion

B. State and economic institutions

C. both a and b

D. None of these

557. Which sociological perspective examines human activities on the micro level by focusing on how day-to-day social behavior is shaped by the distinctive norms, values and demands of a particular society ?
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A. None of these

B. functionalist perspective

C. conflict perspective

D. interactionist perspective
558. Which of these is not a critique of attempts to measure relative deprivation ?
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A. it may be choice not poverty that means some people do not qualify for some of the items on a deprivation index

B. the personal experience of poverty is not the concern of sociologists

C. the subjective nature of such indices means it is difficult to make comparisons between different studies and time periods

D. there is an arbitrary nature to how items are selected for a deprivation index

559. In modern societies members perform different tasks and are highly interdependent this kind of solidarity is called______________?
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A. Interdependence solidarity

B. e of these

C. Mechanical solidarity

D. Organic solidarity
560. A decline in which of the following does Putnam link to the spread of television ?
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A. social capital

B. political awareness

C. cultural capital

D. rational though

561. Mass-society theory suggests that______________?
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A. the content of the media is determined market forces

B. the subordinate classes are dominated by the ideology of the ruling class

C. the media manipulate the masses as vulnerable passive consumers

D. audiences make selective interpretations of media messages

562. Which term was used by Talcott Parsons in asserting that society tends toward a state of stability or balance ?
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A. equilibrium

B. status quo

C. magnetism

D. charisma

563. Feminist perspectives are distinctive in sociology because_______________?
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A. other theoretical perspectives have not researched women

B. men and women view the world in different ways

C. only women can write from a feminist perspective

D. they emphasize the centrality of gender in social analysis
564. Mary Kaldor (2006) argues that globalization processes lie at the heart of many new wars Which of the following is not an example of the increasing globalization of conflict ?
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A. the presence of diaspora volunteer fighters

B. the role of multinational United Nations peacekeeping troops

C. the involvement of international NGOs

D. the recourse of combatants to small -scale guerrilla tactics
565. The right to govern in England flows through the legislature to_____________?
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A. The cabinet

B. The court of law

C. The prime minister

D. None of them

566. New communications technologies have revolutionized social life in the last 30 years or so Which of the following is not one of the four most significant technological trends making this revolution possible ?
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A. satellite communications

B. robotics

C. the digitization of data

D. fiber optics

E. the capability of computers

567. There are many legal limits that are attached to age a few examples are_____________?
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A. age of consent

B. drinking age

C. All of the above

D. voting age

568. Theories must be____________?
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A. testable

B. based on pre-existing facts

C. formulated prior to research

D. exclusively sociological

E. issue driven

569. Weber said that all knowledge is value-relevant, because____________?
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A. theorists interpret the world in terms of their own values

B. Knowledge refers to people and their values

C. attempts to provide knowledge about the world are always valuable

D. sociologists like to put a value on different theories

570. Talcott Parsons,s structural functionalism attempted to tackle ?
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A. the problem of social order

B. the problem of social welfare

C. the problem of economic restructuring

D. the problem of class conflict

571. What is behavior towards a group or individual which treats them differently from other groups or individuals called ?
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A. racism

B. Prejudice

C. projection

D. discrimination
572. Society refers to a group of people_____________?
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A. Who share a common culture

B. Who share a defined territory

C. a& b both

D. Who have different cultures

573. What is the term used to describe the stages from ones birth into a family with a specific status through formation of a new family unit ?
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A. socioeconomic life cycle

B. vertical mobility

C. intergenerational mobility

D. none of the above

574. Which of these does not include income earned by individuals or corporations outside a country ?
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A. Gross National Product

B. Gross National Income

C. Gross Domestic Product

D. Purchasing Power Parity

575. In pre-industrial societies solidarity was maintained due to____________?
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A. Religion

B. Sense of Community

C. both a & b

D. None of these

576. The use of terms such as flaming and chat rooms by the subculture of early internet users is an example of______________?
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A. charisma

B. virtual reality

C. equilibrium

D. argot
577. Which of the following statements about values is correct ?
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A. Values are constantly changing sociologists view them as being very unstable

B. All of the above statements are correct

C. Values never change

D. Values of a culture may change but most remain relatively stable during any one persons lifetime
578. Subcultures which oppose the dominant culture are_______________?
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A. Countercultures

B. New Cultures

C. cultural relativism

D. None of these

579. The salient features of Horticulturalist society are______________?
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A. Food surplus and division of labor

B. All of above

C. cultivation of crops

D. Dense populations

580. Older people living in housing for the elderly workers in an offshore oil rig rodeo cowboys and circus performers-all are examples of what sociologists refer to as_______________?
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A. subcultures

B. argot

C. cultural universals

D. countercultures

581. Goldthorpe identified the Service class as______________?
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A. those who had worked in the armed services

B. those in non-manual occupations exercising authority on behalf of the state

C. the young men and women employed in domestic service in the nineteenth century

D. people working in consultancy firms who were recruited by big businesses

582. The division between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat is the key to stratification in capitalist societies This statement is consistent with the thinking of which theorist ?
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A. Parsons

B. Marx

C. Weber

D. Lincoln

583. Durkheim defined social facts as______________?
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A. the way scientists construct knowledge in a social context

B. data collected about social phenomena that are proven to be correct

C. ideas and theories that have no basis in the external physical world

D. ways of acting thinking and feeling that are collective and social in origin
584. The Most Prominent spokesmen of Functionalist Perspective are______________?
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A. Kingsley Davis

B. Talcott Parsons

C. All of above

D. Robert Merton

585. Weber defined a class situation as____________?
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A. the exploitation of the working class by their capitalist employers

B. the lifestyle of a social class as defined by patterns of consumption

C. a social groups consciousness of their status and life chances

D. a persons position in the capital product and labor markets based on their economic resources
586. A minority group is one that is both disadvantaged and_______________?
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A. identifiably different from others in a society

B. has some sense of collective or group solidarity?

C. holds views contrary to the social norm

D. numerically small compared to the main social group

587. Which of the following positions is NOT associated with the hyper globalizers ?
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A. individual countries no longer control their own economies

B. citizens lose faith in existing systems of governance

C. regional institutions are becoming as powerful as nation-states

D. globalization needs to happen much more quickly
588. Suicide rate was higher in Protestants because they had higher emphasis on______________?
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A. Harmony

B. solidarity

C. None of these

D. Individualism
589. In Karl Marx,s view the destruction of the capitalist system will occur only if the working class first develops______________?
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A. bourgeois consciousness

B. class consciousness

C. false consciousness

D. caste consciousness

590. Spengler and Toynbee deny_____________?
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A. cultural growth from simple to complex

B. None of these

C. existence of upward progress

D. cyclic

591. The people of the same class share for the most part ?
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A. Same income level

B. Way of life values

C. Both of the values

D. None of these

592. Marx said that the development of the labor movement through factory-based production would turn the working class into____________?
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A. a-class by itself

B. a ruling class

C. a class for itself

D. a class in itself

593. Which one of these is NOT one of the newly industrializing countries ?
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A. Hungary

B. Taiwan

C. Brazil

D. South Korea

594. Older people living in housing for the elderly, workers in an offshore oil rig rodeo cowboys and circus performers-all are examples of what sociologists refer to as_____________?
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A. cultural universals

B. argot

C. subcultures

D. countercultures

595. Global economic inequality refers primarily to______________?
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A. systematic differences in wealth and income within countries

B. systematic difference in wealth and income between global firms

C. systematic differences in wealth and income between countries

D. systematic differences in wealth and income between poorer countries

596. The process of turning the class concept into something measurable is called_____________?
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A. operationalization

B. operant conditioning

C. operational research

D. modus operandum

597. Material and Non-material culture are_________________?
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A. not related to each other

B. slightly related

C. None of these

D. complementary
598. Which of the following does John Scott identify as belonging to the middle class ?
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A. finance capitalists

B. none of the above

C. senior executives

D. industrial entrepreneurs

599. Which one of these is NOT one of the newly industrializing countries ?
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A. Brazil

B. Taiwan

C. South korea

D. Hungary
600. In Society in America which early sociologist gave special attention to status distinctions and to such factors as gender and race ?
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A. Auguste Comte

B. Emile Durkheim

C. Harriet Martineau

D. Max Weber