sociology Mcqs
601. What proportion of malnourished children under the age of five in the world,s low-and middle-income countries live in countries that actually produce a food surplus ?
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A. around 50%

B. less than 10%

C. around 25%

D. more than 75%
602. Life chances are________________?
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A. the respect admiration and recognition associated with a social status

B. the magnitude and manner of consumption of goods and services.

C. the likelihood that individuals and groups will enjoy desired goods and services experiences and opportunities for living long and healthy lives

D. the view that the poor possess self- perpetuating lifeways

603. In positive philosophy Comte noted that_____________?
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A. None of these

B. On systematic observation and classification

C. On authority

D. Sociology should be based on speculation

604. Which of the following is not a characteristic of totalitarian societies ?
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A. indoctrination and propaganda

B. a centrally planned economy

C. freedom of movement for citizens

D. one-party rule

605. Which of the following is true regarding social mobility ?
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A. none of above

B. Social mobility is controlled by those in the higher strata through control of opportunities for training and education

C. Social mobility can occur when societies change altering the division of labor

D. Social mobility occurs only when shifts occur in the availability of different types of talent in the work force

606. The case of the former Soviet Union supports Kerr et al,s (1960) claims that___________?
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A. advanced industrial technology strengthens the power of totalitarian regimes

B. democratic governments serve the interests of a ruling elite

C. communist societies disperse power between various political parties

D. totalitarian regimes are incompatible with the requirements of advanced industrial technology
607. According to Durkheim social facts are_____________?
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A. social insights into collective behavior

B. only things that have been shown to be true

C. ways of behaving that are external to individuals

D. information captured by official statistics

608. Traditional working-class identity was based around_________________?
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A. shared working conditions in the manufacturing industry

B. collective aspirations to move into the middle class

C. the class consciousness of members of the proletariat

D. local communities extended kinship networks and shared leisure pursuits
609. Hunter Gatherer way of life is based on________________?
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A. a settled system of life

B. exploitation of wild animals and plants

C. large populations

D. a mobile system

610. If a particular social change promotes a harmonious equilibrium it is______________?
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A. None of these

B. Functional

C. Ineffective

D. None functional

611. The Great Migration of 1916-1919 meant that Chicago became an ethnically diverse city The consequence of this was_____________?
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A. multiculturalism all ethnic identities were celebrated equally

B. racism the white host population were hostile and prejudiced towards migrants

C. most ethnic groups were integrated into mainstream society, but the black population remained in the citys ghettos

D. assimilation all racial boundaries were dissolved by the ethnic melting pot

612. What proportion of world trade is accounted for by transnational corporations ?
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A. two thirds

B. one quarter

C. half

D. four fifths

613. A group of people who live within the same territory and share a common culture is called______________?
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A. a culture

B. an iconoclastic enclave

C. a society

D. none of the above

614. Which sociological perspective acknowledges that it is not possible to change gender drastically without dramatic revisions in a cultures social structure ?
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A. functionalist perspective

B. conflict perspective

C. interactionist perspective

D. both a and b
615. Which of the following social groups do occupational class schemes not have difficulty accommodating ?
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A. the unemployed

B. students

C. manual working class

D. retired people

616. Which of the following statements about the status of women around the world is correct _____________?
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A. it is estimated that women grow half the worlds food but they rarely own land.

B. Single-parent households headed by women which appear to be on the increase in many nations -are typically found in the poorest section of the population

C. all of the above

D. Women constitute one-third of the worlds paid labor force but are generally found in the lowest paying jobs

617. Division of Labor in Society increased emphasis on_____________?
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A. Occupational Friendships

B. All of these

C. Specialization

D. Interdependence

618. Structural-Functionalists describe society as_______________?
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A. a source of conflict inequality and alienation

B. an unstable structure of social relations

C. a complex network of interaction at a micro-level

D. a normative framework of roles and institutions
619. To what does the term the new migration refer ?
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A. movement from Britain to commonwealth countries

B. movement from European countries to Africa

C. movement from former colonies to European countries

D. movement between European countries
620. Bourgeoisie refers to______________?
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A. None of these

B. the working class

C. the capitalist

D. the middle man

621. The demographic transition refers to______________?
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A. an increase in the death rate

B. a change in the ratio of births to deaths

C. an exponential growth in population

D. an increase in the birth rate

622. Characteristics of Scientific observation are____________?
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A. Systematic and recorded

B. Precision and objectivity

C. All of the above

D. Accuracy

623. Marx swa capitalism leading to____________?
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A. Equality in society

B. Increasingly unhappy individuals

C. None of these

D. Increasingly happy individuals

624. According to peter Saunders in modem societies stratification depends on___________?
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A. Cultural groups

B. Ethnic groups

C. Social and economic classes

D. None of these

625. The caste system is generally associated with______________?
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A. Hinduism

B. Buddhism

C. Islam

D. Judaism

626. The middle classes that developed over the nineteenth century were_____________?
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A. too diverse to have a strong sense of class consciousness

B. an urban set involved in civic bodies and voluntary associations

C. often involved in white collar work

D. all of the above
627. A counter culture_______________?
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A. None of these

B. Has to be against the existing ethos/values

C. May not be against the existing culture ethos/values

D. if different from the exiting culture may never survive

628. The main cause of unhappiness in the working class according to Marx is______________?
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A. Alienation from the results of production

B. Job insecurity

C. low wages

D. None of these

629. Mass-society theory suggests that_______________?
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A. the media manipulate the masses as vulnerable passive consumers

B. the subordinate classes are dominated by the ideology of the ruling class

C. the content of the media is determined by market forces

D. audiences make selective interpretations of media messages

630. The Bretton Woods institutions are_______________?
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A. The United Nations and the World Trade Organization

B. The international Monetary Fund and the World Health Organization

C. The World Trade Organization and the World Bank

D. The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank
631. What term is used to describe the movement of individuals up or down the social scale during the course of their working lives ?
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A. intergenerational mobility

B. open mobility

C. intragenerational mobility

D. lateral mobility

632. Martha and Susan work at the local factory ten hours a day five days a week They make the minimum wage with no overtime pay insurance or benefits One day they discuss their situations over lunch and express frustration over the fact that they never seem to make enough money to get ahead By the end of the conversation they have motivated each other to volunteer to work on Sundays They figure that if they work just a little harder they will make enough money to increase their social status Marx would say these women are demonstrating ?
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A. false consciousness

B. capitalist enthusiasm

C. the dedication necessary to get ahead in life

D. class consciousness

633. One strength of ethnography is tha______________?
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A. the influence of specific variables can be controlled by the investigator

B. it usually generates richer and more in-depth information than other methods

C. it can only be used to study relatively small groups or communities

D. it is essential when a study is primarily historical or has a historical dimension

634. Everything which is socially learned and shared is called______________?
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A. society

B. None of these

C. behavior

D. Culture
635. The intellectual tradition at the heart of conflict theory begins principally with the work of_____________?
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A. Max Weber

B. Karl Marx

C. Erving Goffman

D. Emile Durkheim

636. The term hegemony refers to_____________?
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A. a form of dual consciousness based on ideology and everyday experiences

B. a dominant ideology that legitimates economic political

C. a mode of payment given for outstanding topiary

D. the tendency for the working class not to realize their own interests

637. In a sense xenocentrism is a reverse form of_________________?
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A. cultural relativism

B. ethnocentrism

C. cultural integration

D. culture shock

638. Which of the following is NOT an INGO ?
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A. Amnesty International

B. international Telegraph Union

C. Greenpeace

D. The Red Cross

639. The interventionist Perspective studies_______________?
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A. People and their interactions

B. State

C. Society

D. None of these

640. The difference between horticulture and agriculture is________________?
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A. Horticulture only depends on humans for cultivation

B. a and c both

C. Agriculture employs machinery but horticulture not

D. Horticulture employs machinery and other tools

641. In Marx,s theory the made of production means_____________?
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A. the organization of a societys technical and human resources

B. the average measure of productivity under capitalism

C. an integral part of the superstructure of a society

D. the way in which products are made in a factory

642. Division of labor is a characteristic of_______________?
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A. Horticulture

B. Industrialization

C. None of these

D. Agriculture

643. Which of the following is NOT an INGO ?
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A. The Red Cross

B. Greenpeace

C. Amnesty International

D. International Telegraph Union
644. Laws are___________________?
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A. actions that we can legitimately insist that others perform

B. actions that others can legitimately insist that we perform

C. none of the above

D. rules that are enforced by a special political organization composed of individuals who enjoy the right to use force
645. The largest single economic fact of Pakistan is______________?
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A. Agriculture

B. None of these

C. Industry

D. manufacturing

646. Which of the following conducted observation research on two groups of high school males-the Saints and the Roughnecks-and concluded that social class played an important role in the varying fortunes of the two groups ?
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A. Richard Quincy

B. Emile Durkheim

C. Edwin Sutherland

D. William Chambliss
647. Cultural relativism is the idea that societies have to be studied in terms of them ?
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A. religious and spiritual beliefs

B. own meanings and values

C. family and kin relationships

D. artistic and literary production

648. Which method of identifying social classes views social class as a statistical category formed by sociologists or statisticians or statisticians on the basis of income occupation education or some combination of these ?
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A. the combined approach

B. the objective method

C. the self-placement method

D. the reputational method

649. Agriculture accounts for 25% value added and _________% of work force?
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A. 40%

B. 305

C. None of these

D. 20%

650. Sociological studies of colonialism suggest that____________?
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A. colonialism has largely disappeared

B. colonialism was inevitable and necessary for human civilization

C. colonialism was for the most part beneficial for poor uncivilized countries

D. colonialism is perpetuated to this day by practices known as neo-colonialism