sociology Mcqs
501. Post-modernist writers have argued that____________?
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A. we live in a world of superficial fragmented images

B. no theory is better than any other anything goes

C. all of the above

D. society has changed, and we need new kinds of theory

502. Which approach to audience studies emphasizes the ways in which different audiences use the media to meet their needs ?
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A. interpretative model

B. reception theory

C. gratification model

D. hypodermic model

503. Extreme poverty is often defined as living on less than US$1 per day how has extreme poverty changed between 1981 and 2004 ?
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A. rose from 1.5 billion people to 3 billion

B. stayed the same around 1.5 billion people

C. rose from 1.5 billion people to 2.5 billion

D. fell form 1.5 billion people to 1 billion
504. Which of the following is a true statement ?
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A. Human beings have existed on earth for about half million years

B. agriculture is only around twelve thousand years old

C. all of the above

D. civilizations date back around six thousand years

505. In less developed countries this percentage is far less It is_____________?
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A. 7.7%

B. 6.50%

C. None of these

D. 10%

506. In Primitive societies everyone performed similar tasks and so their was a__________________?
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A. Organic solidarity

B. Mechanical solidarity

C. both a & b

D. None of these

507. To compliment your professor for delivering a particularly inspiring lecture would be to comment on his/her ?
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A. ascribed status

B. role modelling

C. status conception

D. role performance
508. A Hispanic woman and a Jewish man working together as computer programmers for an electronics from overcome their initial prejudices and come to appreciate each other,s strengths and talents This is an example of____________?
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A. reverse discrimination

B. amalgamation

C. the contact hypothesis

D. a self-fulfilling prophecy

509. Which of the following was not identified as a defining feature of culture ?
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A. Culture is learned

B. Culture is shared

C. Culture is transmitted

D. Culture is cumulative

E. Culture is symbolic
510. Non-material culture consists of______________?
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A. Books and written material

B. tools and domestic items

C. None of these

D. Customs and beliefs ideas
511. The global dominance of American film exports raises s about_____________?
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A. cultural imperialism

B. the US is not the largest global exporter of films

C. virtual communities

D. rise of digital media

512. The distinction between elements of material and nonmaterial culture was made by sociologist ?
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A. Margaret Mead

B. William F. Ogburn

C. George Murdock

D. Max Weber

513. Formulating the hypothesis is the _____________ step in the scientific method?
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A. fourth

B. first

C. second

D. third
514. In a sense xenocentrism is a reverse form of_________________?
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A. ethnocentrism

B. cultural relativism

C. culture shock

D. cultural integration

515. Which of the following was not a key development leading to the birth of sociology ?
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A. The rapid expansion of colonialism

B. Globalization

C. The Industrial Revolution

D. Enlightenment thinkers/philosophers

E. Renaissance thinkers/philosophers

516. Karl Marx held that a social movement-the revolt of the proletariat -would help workers overcome feelings of_______________?
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A. surplus value

B. false consciousness

C. socialist consciousness

D. class consciousness

517. Snowballing is an example of_______________?
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A. cluster sampling

B. non-probability sampling

C. using the Christmas vacation constructively

D. probability sampling

518. Human behavior is guided by expectations held both by the individual and by other people is the basic notion of_____________?
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A. conflict theory

B. Structural functionalism

C. role theory

D. None of these

519. The four ideal types of social action that Weber identified were as follows instrumentally-rational value-rational traditional and____________?
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A. infected

B. effective

C. affective

D. affectual
520. Which of these is most closely associated with Marx,s thinking ?
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A. social facts

B. consensus

C. conflict

D. integration

521. Which one of the following is exposed to an independent variable ?
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A. the representative group

B. none of the above

C. the control groups

D. the experimental group
522. Nineteenth-century theories of social change reflect the pioneering work in biological evolution done by____________?
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A. Charles Darwin

B. Harriet Martineau

C. Albert Einstein

D. Benjamin Franklin

523. What term is used to describe the phenomenon whereby newspapers can be read online radio stations accessed on digital televisions and mobile phones enable internet access ?
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A. globalization

B. mediatization

C. convergence

D. cloud computing

524. Comte argued that knowledge passed through which three stages ?
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A. philosophical biological sociological

B. theological metaphysical positive

C. ignorance understanding truth

D. functionalist marxist interactionist

525. Critics of the concept of relative poverty argue that______________?
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A. in modern affluent societies no one is truly poor

B. the government should be raising benefit levels

C. it is wrong to make comparisons between countries

D. it concentrates too much on kinship ties

526. Sometimes we feel happy to pay more for imported goods It shows our_____________?
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A. Xenocentric Approach

B. Ethnocentrism

C. Quality consciousness

D. None of these

527. Which sociological perspective emphasizes that school in the United States foster competition through built-in systems of reward and punishment ?
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A. functionalist perspective

B. psychological perspective

C. conflict perspective

D. interactionist perspective

528. Culture is usually assumed to be_______________?
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A. insulated against technology

B. fixed and static

C. a subjective entity

D. always changing

E. mutually exclusive

529. According to________________ theory unique customs develop and persist because they are adaptive?
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A. Feminism

B. Radical

C. Functionalism

D. Symbolic Interactionism

E. Conflict

530. In the United States we often formalize norms into_____________?
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A. values

B. laws

C. mores

D. folkways

531. When Comet wrote of sociology as a positive science he meant ?
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A. that it should apply the same methods as physics or chemistry

B. that it should attempt to appeal to as many people as possible

C. that it should progress by positing new concepts and theories

D. that it should show people in the best possible light

532. A statistical norm is______________?
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A. The common conduct

B. None of these

C. What is expected to exist

D. What actually exists
533. In studying the strategies that students employ to create appearances after grades have awarded sociologists Daniel Albas and Cheryl Albas drew upon the concept of impression managements developed by______________?
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A. Charles Horton Cooley

B. George Herbert Mead

C. Erving Goffman

D. Jean Piaget

534. Which of the following is an aspect of culture ?
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A. patriotic attachment to the flag of the United States

B. a comic book

C. burial of a family pet in a cemetery plot

D. all of the above
535. Which sociological perspective emphasizes that ethnocentrism that ethnocentrism serves to maintain a sense of solidarity by promoting group pride ?
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A. conflict perspective

B. interactionist perspective

C. dramaturgical perspective

D. functionalist perspective
536. Which pioneer of sociology first directed researchers to the significance of bureaucratic structure ?
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A. Max Weber

B. Karl Marx

C. Emile Durkheim

D. Ferdinand Tonnies

537. The rise of globalization was greatly facilitated by_____________?
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A. wealthy aristocrats

B. international migration

C. developments in transportation and communication

D. industrialization

E. sixteenth-century population growth

538. The writings of Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim are examples of___________?
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A. cyclical theory

B. conflict theory

C. multilinear theory

D. unilinear theory
539. Which of the following is not a mode of production ?
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A. communism

B. liberalism

C. capitalism

D. feudalism

540. Which of the following is a personal document with closed access ?
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A. confidential medical records

B. the shares register of a business

C. household account book

D. government white paper

541. Lifespan is usually divided into seven or eight sages Adulthood legally begins at the age of____________?
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A. Eighteen

B. Seventeen

C. sixteen

D. None of these

542. Which of the following statements about values is correct ?
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A. All of the above statements are correct

B. Values of a culture may change but most remain relatively stable during any one person,s lifetime

C. Values are constantly changing sociologists view them as being very unstable

D. Values never change

543. What is cosmopolitan democracy ?
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A. democratic government at the level of the city

B. a form of world government with global citizenship

C. democratic government that is representative of a multicultural society

D. rule by the worlds educated elites

544. One of the Basic Conflicts, in conflict theory is_____________?
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A. conflict between individuals

B. conflict between countries

C. Class conflict

D. None of these

545. Which sociologist introduced the concept of culture lag ?
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A. Talcott Parsons

B. Thorstein Veblen

C. Auguste Comte

D. William F. Ogburn
546. The Scientific study of human social life is termed as______________?
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A. Sociology

B. Anthropology

C. Society

D. None of these

547. The human action and interaction are understandable only through the exchange of meaningful communication or symbols, this is the basic assumption of_______________?
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A. None of these

B. Role theory

C. Symbolic interactionism

D. conflict theory

548. Put these stages in the evolution of citizenship in chronological order _____________?
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A. social citizenship political citizenship environmental citizenship civil rights

B. civil rights environmental citizenship social citizenship political citizenship

C. civil rights political citizenship social citizenship environmental citizenship

D. political citizenship social citizenship environmental citizenship civil rights

549. Conflict theory emphasizes the use of humor as a________________?
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A. defense mechanism

B. means by which to present the self

C. political tool

D. means by which to bind culture

E. source of negativity towards women

550. In Pakistan society no laws were made for the protection of elderly citizens the major cause was the belief_____________?
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A. None of these

B. The sons are responsible

C. The daughters are responsible

D. That they can look after themselves