sociology Mcqs
401. In idealized views of science the experimental method is said to involve ?
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A. interpreting data subjectively drawing on theoretical paradigms

B. using personal beliefs and values to decide what to study

C. testing out new research methods to see which one works best

D. isolating and measuring the effect of one variable upon another
402. An association between two variables which is in fact caused by other factor(s)is called a______________?
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A. multiple regression

B. spurious correlation

C. causal mechanism

D. multinomial distribution

403. Which of the following ins NOT a key theme in Michel Foucaults writing ?
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A. societies use of surveillance and discipline

B. the hyperreality of media imagery

C. the significance of expert discourses

D. the archaeology of scientific knowledge

404. Research by Lakoff showed that there are some distinct communication differences between men and women In general men tend to_____________?
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A. not appreciate or encourage self-disclosure as much

B. use a greater range of words

C. talk more over the course of the relationship

D. use tags the end of sentences

E. be politer in their speech patterns

405. Immigration tourism and globalization all mean that_____________?
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A. cultural lag doesn,t last as long

B. culture shock is increasing

C. cultures are becoming more stable

D. cultural relativism is now the norm

E. cultural diversity is increasing
406. Which of the following theorists argued that conflict is a normal and desirable aspect of social change ?
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A. Emile Durkheim

B. Talcott Parsons

C. each of the above

D. Karl Marx
407. Sociology is well-equipped to uncover the truth about social problems because of______________?
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A. its desire to solve problems

B. its reliance on government funding

C. its theoretical grounding

D. its reliance on surveys

E. its emphasis on careful reliable empirical research
408. In biology the senescence is______________?
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A. None of these

B. infant period

C. the process of growth

D. the process of aging
409. The fourth major perspective in sociology is ___________________________ theory.
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A. feminist

B. symbolic interactionist

C. conflict

D. political economy

E. functionalist

410. Conflict theory explains________________?
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A. Struggle to dominate

B. None of these

C. Dependence-among classes

D. Harmony among classes

411. A researcher examines the literature written by Black novelists during the Negro Renaissance (1913-1935) to see if they reflect the political movements going on in the Black community in the United States at that time What type of research methodology is being used in this example ?
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A. interviews

B. content analysis

C. secondary analysis

D. observation

412. Which sociological theory emphasizes the role of language and literacy in fighting against cultural subordination ?
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A. Radical

B. Feminism

C. Symbolic Interactionism

D. Conflict

E. Functionalism

413. Karl Marx,s view of the struggle between social classes inspired the contemporary_____________?
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A. dramaturgical approach

B. interactionist perspective

C. functionalist perspective

D. conflict perspective
414. In its study of language, which sociological perspective focuses on how people rely on shared definitions of phrases expressions in both formal speech everyday conversation ?
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A. interactionist perspective

B. conflict perspective

C. functionalist perspective

D. ethnocentric perspective

415. Personal distance and gestures are examples of forms of_______________?
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A. values

B. folkways

C. material culture

D. non-verbal communication

E. cultural integration

416. What did Max Weber understand by the spirit of capitalism ?
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A. the belief in free markets

B. the exploitation of the working class

C. the continual reinvestment of profits back into businesses

D. the desire for more material wealth

417. Social facts have their independent existence and must be studied likewise Who remarked above when discussing scientific method ?
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A. Ibn-e-khaldun

B. Auguste Conte

C. None of these

D. Emile Durkheim
418. Which of the following has not been central to feminist theorizing ?
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A. male bias in sociological theory

B. the experience of black women

C. male domination in society

D. the gendered character of knowledge

419. The term feminist standpoint, suggests_______________?
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A. a tendency to ignore the gendered nature of knowledge

B. the recognition of difference and diversity in womens lives

C. taking a stand on the issues neglected by feminism

D. studying society from the perspective of women
420. Which of the following is not an example of a manufactured risk ?
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A. genetic modification of crops

B. the threat of nuclear war

C. global warming

D. volcanic eruptions
421. Noam Chomsky,s work is an example of which theoretical approach to the media ?
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A. symbolic interactionism

B. postmodernism

C. functionalism

D. political economy
422. Which of these distinguishes modern nation-sates from traditional civilizations ?
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A. governmental authority over a clearly demarcated territory

B. all of the above

C. the granting of citizenship rights to the relevant population

D. a national identity with an associated set of symbols and beliefs

423. The pragmatist philosophy used in Symbolic interactionist theory teaches that_______________?
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A. the best social theory was developed in Prague

B. theory must be augmented by straightforward plausible methods

C. we can find true objective knowledge of the world through our senses

D. Knowledge is produced in everyday practical situations
424. What sociologist was responsible for developing the concept of anomie ?
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A. Rousseau

B. Locke

C. Mead

D. Comte

E. Durkheim
425. Sreberny-Mohammadi (1996) argues that national cultures can resist American cultural domination of the media by_____________?
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A. all of the above

B. domesticating its content including more home-produced programmes

C. controlling the distribution of imported products by banning satellite dishes

D. creating reverse flows of their own programmes back to imperial societies

426. Sociologist Alvin Goldner sees Erving Goffmans work on social behavior as implicitly reaffirming the status quo especially social class inequalities Gouldner,s critique is associated with the_____________?
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A. interactionist perspective

B. conflict perspective

C. functionalist perspective

D. psychoanalytic perspective

427. Ritzer presented a theory that the different components of social life work together to influence society and behavior This theory is called_______________?
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A. Cohesion theory

B. None of these

C. Role theory

D. Integration theory
428. According to Weber rationalization meant that_______________?
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A. early philosophers were too concerned with creating a utopian society

B. sociologists should be primarily concerned with solving problems

C. humans would eventually seek out the most efficient means to accomplish a particular task

D. there are no absolutes concerning social life

E. all though would eventually lead to justifying human action

429. A moral panic occurs when_______________?
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A. elitists express concern with the Americanization of culture

B. children watch violent or sexually explicit films and then copy the behavior

C. audiences challenge the ethnic stereotypes represented by the media

D. the media exaggerate reports of deviant groups generating hostile reactions
430. Which perspective does not come under the umbrella of interactionism ?
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A. phenomenology

B. ethnomethodology

C. feminism

D. symbolic interactionism

431. In survey research the group of respondents targeted for the naira is called___________?
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A. respondents

B. sample

C. focus group

D. population
432. Which sociological perspective views society as a network of connected parts each of which contributes to the maintenance of the system as a whole ?
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A. dramaturgical approach

B. conflict perspective

C. functionalist perspective

D. interactionist perspective

433. Which research technique would sociologists who adhere to the symbolic interactionist perspective use? most likely to employ ?
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A. surveys

B. experiments

C. quantitative measurement

D. interviews

E. observation
434. The psychological stress caused when a person faces rapid cultural change is called_____________?
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A. role strain

B. None of these

C. Cultural shock

D. role conflict

435. The al-Qaeda claimed responsibility for the attacks on American targets on 11th September 2001 In what year did al-Qaeda bomb a nightclub on the Indonesian island of Bali Killing more than 200 people ?
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A. 2004

B. 2002

C. 2004

D. 1999

436. Erving Goffman made a distinctive contribution to sociology by popularizing a particular type of interactionist method known as____________?
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A. Verstehen

B. None of these

C. the dramaturgical approach

D. macrosociology

437. Conflict theory is heavily indebted to the work of_____________?
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A. Pareto

B. Mead

C. Parsons

D. Abell

E. Marx
438. A combination of many traits a trait is______________?
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A. Complex

B. Family

C. None of these

D. Trait

439. Extreme climatic conditions are_____________?
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A. obstacle to cultural development

B. have no effect

C. Helpful in cultural development

D. None of these

440. The and purpose of Evolutionary theory is_____________?
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A. An anarchist society

B. An industrial society

C. None of these

D. A perfect man in a perfect society
441. s that are relevant to some respondents may irrelevant to others are known as______________?
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A. leading questions

B. contingency questions

C. Matrix questions

D. double barreled questions

442. One of the ethical problems with covert participant observation is______________?
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A. deceiving the respondents as to the reason for your presence

B. not being able to write comprehensive field notes or record conversations

C. subjecting the participants to physical harm

D. observing people outside of their natural setting

443. The process by which cultural traits spread from one group of society to another is called_____________?
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A. counter culture

B. cultural diffusion

C. cultural complexes

D. Folkways

444. An important aspect of labelling theory is the recognition that some people or groups have the power to define labels and apply them to others This view recalls the emphasis placed on the social significance of power by the______________?
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A. conflict perspective

B. anomie theory of deviance

C. functionalist perspective

D. interactionist perspective

445. Prayer mat is_____________?
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A. None of these

B. material culture

C. Out of culture

D. Non-material culture

446. Bringing music and movies into Canada from another country would be a good example of __________ diffusion ?
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A. integrative

B. direct

C. adaptive

D. relativistic

E. indirect
447. Which of these is a broadly Weberian idea ?
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A. the main dynamic of modern development is capitalist economics

B. modem societies are in transition towards a socialist model

C. all history is the history of class struggles

D. rationalization is bound to progress further in all spheres of life
448. The acceptance of preventive medicine is an example of the process that Parsons called______________?
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A. adaptive upgrading

B. value generalization

C. differentiation

D. inclusion

449. The term ethnocentrism was coined by sociologist_____________?
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A. George Murdock

B. William Graham Sumner

C. William F. Ogburn

D. Max Weber

450. According to Davis (1995) women may seek cosmetic surgery because_____________?
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A. they are in pursuit of the perfect body fueled by images of beauty

B. they have a deep-rooted sense of ineffectiveness and are striving for control

C. their male partners pressurize them to look like supermodels

D. they perceive a part of their body as stigmatizing in relation to a cultural ideal